Lifeboat Foundation: Safeguarding Humanity
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Category: biotech/medical – Page 664

In cancer development and its clinical course, bacteria can be involved in etiology and secondary infection. Regarding etiology, various epidemiological studies have revealed that Helicobacter pylori can directly impact gastric carcinogenesis. The Helicobacter pylori-associated virulence factor cytotoxin-associated gene A perhaps plays an important role through different mechanisms such as aberrant DNA methylation, activation of nuclear factor kappa B, and modulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Many other bacteria, including Salmonella and Pseudomonas, can also affect Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Although Helicobacter pylori is involved in both gastric adenocarcinoma and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, its role in the latter disease is more complicated.

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The United States is experiencing its worst measles outbreak since 1992. While the spread of measles can be prevented with the MMR vaccine, misinformation about vaccines has gained traction in recent years.

How do vaccines help protect communities and public health overall? Dr. Peter Hotez, dean for the National School of Tropical Medicine at Baylor College of Medicine, discusses what you should know about vaccines on the Body of Work podcast.

Listen to “Outbreak” on your preferred platform.

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Flat screen TVs that incorporate quantum dots are now commercially available, but it has been more difficult to create arrays of their elongated cousins, quantum rods, for commercial devices. Quantum rods can control both the polarization and color of light, to generate 3D images for virtual reality devices.

Using scaffolds made of folded DNA, MIT engineers have come up with a new way to precisely assemble arrays of quantum rods. By depositing quantum rods onto a DNA scaffold in a highly controlled way, the researchers can regulate their orientation, which is a key factor in determining the polarization of light emitted by the array. This makes it easier to add depth and dimensionality to a virtual scene.

“One of the challenges with quantum rods is: How do you align them all at the nanoscale so they’re all pointing in the same direction?” says Mark Bathe, an MIT professor of biological engineering and the senior author of the new study. “When they’re all pointing in the same direction on a 2D surface, then they all have the same properties of how they interact with light and control its polarization.”

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A team of bioengineers and biomedical scientists from the University of Sydney and the Children’s Medical Research Institute (CMRI) at Westmead have used 3D photolithographic printing to create a complex environment for assembling tissue that mimics the architecture of an organ.

The teams were led by Professor Hala Zreiqat and Dr. Peter Newman at the University of Sydney’s School of Biomedical Engineering and developmental biologist Professor Patrick Tam who leads the CMRI’s Embryology Research Unit. Their paper was published in Advanced Science.

Using bioengineering and cell culture methods, the technique was used to instruct stem cells derived from or to become specialized cells that can assemble into an organ-like structure.

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A team of scientists led by Masaya Hagiwara of RIKEN national science institute in Japan has developed an ingenious device, using layers of hydrogels in a cube-like structure, that allows researchers to construct complex 3D organoids without using elaborate techniques. The group also recently demonstrated the ability to use the device to build organoids that faithfully reproduce the asymmetric genetic expression that characterizes the actual development of organisms. The device has the potential to revolutionize the way we test drugs, and could also provide insights into how tissues develop and lead to better techniques for growing artificial organs.

Scientists have long struggled to create organoids—organ-like tissues grown in the laboratory—to replicate actual biological development. Creating organoids that function similarly to real tissues is vital for developing medicines since it is necessary to understand how drugs move through various tissues. Organoids also help us gain insights into the process of development itself and are a stepping stone on the way to growing whole organs that can help patients.

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Teeth don’t grow back once we become adults: any wear and tear is permanent – as those of us with fillings will know – which is why it’s important to keep them as clean and healthy as we can.

However, this is something scientists are now looking to change.

It’s been announced that clinical trials for a potential tooth regrowth treatment are set to begin in July 2024, building on decades of research in the field. If those trials are successful, therapeutic drugs could be available by 2030.

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