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Category: biotech/medical – Page 485

Blood stem cell mutations linked to lower risk of late-onset Alzheimer’s disease

A study published in Cell Stem Cell reveals that some mutations in blood stem cells might help protect against late-onset Alzheimer’s disease.

A team led by researchers at Baylor College of Medicine discovered that both a mouse model and people carrying blood stem cells with mutations in the gene TET2, but not in the gene DNMT3A, had a lower risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease. Their study proposes a mechanism that can protect against the disease and opens new avenues for potential strategies to control the emergence and progression of this devastating condition.

“Our lab has long been studying blood stem cells, also called ,” said lead author Dr. Katherine King, professor of pediatrics— and a member of the Center for Cell and Gene Therapy and the Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center at Baylor. She is also part of Texas Children’s Hospital.

Wearable X-ray-detecting fabric offers a flexible alternative to current imaging tech

Since their discovery by Wilhelm Roentgen in 1895, X-rays have become a staple of modern medical care, from imaging teeth and broken bones to screening for the early signs of breast cancer.

The most common type of X-ray detector used in medical imaging today utilizes materials known as scintillators, which are made of inorganic and rigid compounds. This inherent lack of flexibility limits their applications and often requires patients to contort their bodies to accommodate unyielding medical equipment.

This rigidity has created a demand among researchers and the for scintillating materials that are robust, efficient, and flexible. Past attempts to meet this demand, however, have had to sacrifice durability and efficiency for flexibility. An innovative fabric made of flexible inorganic fibers shows remarkable promise and may meet all three requirements.

Lab-grown ‘tiny hearts’ bring hope for children and adults with genetic heart disease

Scientists from QIMR Berghofer’s Cardiac Bioengineering Lab have developed lab-grown, three-dimensional heart tissues known as cardiac organoids that mimic the structure and function of real adult human heart muscle.

To create these tissues, the researchers use special cells called (which can turn into any cell in the body). However, when these stem cells become , they usually stay immature and more like the heart tissue found in a developing baby. This immaturity can limit their usefulness to model diseases that present in childhood or as an adult.

In the study, researchers activated two key biological pathways to mimic the effects of exercise in order to mature these cells, making them behave more like genuine adult heart tissue. This breakthrough means scientists can now use these lab-grown heart tissues to test that could help people with heart conditions. The findings have been published in Nature Cardiovascular Research.

New AI system uncovers hidden cell subtypes, boosts precision medicine

In this view of cHL (classic Hodgkin Lymphoma) tissue, CellLENS identified subtle but distinct CD4 T cell subpopulations infiltrating a tumor, lingering at tumor boundaries, and found at a distance from tumors. CellLENS enables the potential precision therapy strategies against specific immune cell populations in the tissue environment.

Image courtesy of the researchers.

Ultrafast 12-minute MRI maps brain chemistry to spot disease before symptoms

Illinois engineers fused ultrafast imaging with smart algorithms to peek at living brain chemistry, turning routine MRIs into metabolic microscopes. The system distinguishes healthy regions, grades tumors, and forecasts MS flare-ups long before structural MRI can. Precision-medicine neurology just moved closer to reality.

Manipulation of light at the nanoscale helps advance biosensing

Traditional medical tests often require clinical samples to be sent off-site for analysis in a time-intensive and expensive process. Point-of-care diagnostics are instead low-cost, easy-to-use, and rapid tests performed at the site of patient care. Recently, researchers at the Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology reported new and optimized techniques to develop better biosensors for the early detection of disease biomarkers.

People have long been fascinated with the iridescence of peacock feathers, appearing to change color as light hits them from different angles. With no pigments present in the feathers, these colors are a result of light interactions with nanoscopic structures, called photonic crystals, patterned across the surface of the feathers.

Inspired by biology, scientists have harnessed the power of these photonic crystals for biosensing technologies due to their ability to manipulate how light is absorbed and reflected. Because their properties are a result of their nanostructure, photonic crystals can be precisely engineered for different purposes.

Virtual reality software uncovers new details in pediatric heart tumors

New cutting-edge software developed in Melbourne can help uncover how the most common heart tumor in children forms and changes. And the technology has the potential to further our understanding of other childhood diseases, according to a new study.

The research, led by Murdoch Children’s Research Institute (MCRI) and published in Genome Biology, found the software, VR-Omics, can identify previously undetected cell activities of cardiac rhabdomyoma, a type of benign heart tumor.

Developed by MCRI’s Professor Mirana Ramialison, VR-Omics is the first tool capable of analyzing and visualizing data in both 2D and 3D virtual reality environments. The innovative technology aims to analyze the spatial genetic makeup of to better understand a specific disease.

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