Decentralized yet coordinated networks of specialized artificial intelligence agents, multi-agent systems for healthcare (MASH), that excel in performing tasks in an assistive or autonomous manner within specific clinical and operational domains are likely to become the next paradigm in medical artificial intelligence.
Recent studies have shown that mechanical properties such as extracellular matrix stiffness, fluid flow, weight loading, compression, and stretching can affect cellular functions. Some examples of cell responses to mechanical properties could be the migration of cancer cells from rigid to soft surfaces or the differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts. Cellular responses to mechanical changes can modify the insertion of proteins in the extracellular matrix (ECM), causing an increase in tissue stiffness with functional consequences. In general, mechanical and physical factors can affect any kind of cell phenotype in culture conditions and in vivo tissues. Cells sense mechanical stimuli by applying force and restructuring their shape and functions in response to the resistance of the stimuli. Furthermore, mechanical triggers can develop a “memory” for altering cellular plasticity and adaptation. This phenomenon is called cellular mechanical memory (CMM), a singular feature of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Controlled targeting of CMM may resolve the scarcity of viable cells needed for cell based therapy (CBT) and implement studies concerning cancer research, fibrosis, and senescence. This review focusses on cells from the mesodermal lineage, such as MSCs, fibroblasts and chondrocytes, and the role of CMM as a potential target for CBT.
A new model of Alzheimer’s disease has been proposed, which could speed up efforts to understand and cure the complex condition – while bringing all manifestations of the condition under one unifying theory.
Researchers from Arizona State University suggest that stress granules – protein and RNA clumps that form around cells in stressful conditions due to genetic and environmental risk factors – are the primary culprit behind the disease.
In their new study, the team reviewed data from multiple health databases and past papers – particularly a 2022 study on Alzheimer’s progression – to identify widespread changes in gene expression that come with it.
How microglia facilitate phagocytosis of multiple types of pathological particles.
The functions, and molecular signaling of elevated glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma B (GPNMB) in various brain diseases is not been well studied.
The researchers report that GPNMB expression in microglia is commonly induced by multiple types of pathological factors (neuronal degeneration caused by seizures, caspase-3-induced neuronal apoptosis, neuronal debris, and β-amyloid) functionally participating in phagocytosis of pathological particles via interaction with lysosomal vacuolar-type proton ATPase catalytic subunit A (ATP6V1A) and anti-inflammation responses.
GPNMB depletion does not influence the severity of acute seizures but exacerbates the development of chronic epileptogenesis. https://sciencemission.com/microglia-phagocytosis-of-pathological-particles
Liu et al. report that GPNMB expression in microglia is commonly induced by multiple types of pathological factors functionally participating in phagocytosis of pathological particles via interaction with ATP6V1A and anti-inflammation responses. GPNMB depletion does not influence the severity of acute seizures but exacerbates the development of chronic epileptogenesis.
Advanced carbon fiber materials could be used in applications from wind turbine blades to biomedical implants following the development of a low-cost carbon fiber feedstock.
The carbon fibers were spun from synergistic blends of the low-value heavy oils left over from crude oil refining by members of KAUST’s Clean Energy Research Platform. The work could not only facilitate broader carbon fiber uptake but also create sustainable new uses for residual oils as the world transitions to alternative energy systems.
“Crude oil is a resource with immense potential beyond fuels,” says Edwin Guevara Romero, a researcher in the labs of Mani Sarathy, who led the work. “Using oil residues as feedstocks for carbon materials is an innovative, high-value application of oil-derived resources, paving the way for economic diversification,” he says.
(K) A proposed model illustrating how the E3 ligase NbHRD1 negatively regulates viral infection in plants. Plant viruses with a TGB, BNYVV and PVX, as models, infect N. benthamiana plants, inducing the expression of NbHRD1 interacts with TGB movement proteins of BNYVV and PVX in the ER membrane. NbHRD1 triggers the ubiquitination and 26S proteasome-mediated degradation of TGB proteins, thereby suppressing viral movement to inhibit virus infection.
In (D), (G), and (J), EF1α served as an internal reference. The GFP gene was used as the indicator of viral RNA accumulation. Values are means ± SDs of three independent repeats. ∗∗p < 0.01; ∗∗∗p < 0.001; ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001; ns, not significant (Student’s t test).
