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Category: biotech/medical – Page 1,627

7 Human Organs on One Chip

Scientists in the U.S. and U.K. have recently grown seven miniature human organs and housed them together on a chip to create a human-on-a-chip, a whole body biomimetic device. These clusters of assembled cells mimic how organs in the body function, both separately and in tandem.

The chip could take the place of animal and tissue testing for drugs in pharmaceutical development, say its creators. It will have to win regulatory approval in each country looking to use it for tests, and it could allow for insights into how organs interact, says Linda Griffith, professor of biological and mechanical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Griffith heads The PhysioMimetics program at MIT, which has collaborated with CN Bio Innovations, a British company that creates live organ-on-a-chip devices. The $26.3-million development program is funded by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency.

Ancient DNA rewrites early Japanese history —modern day populations have tripartite genetic origin

Ancient DNA extracted from human bones has rewritten early Japanese history by underlining that modern day populations in Japan have a tripartite genetic origin—a finding that refines previously accepted views of a dual genomic ancestry.

Twelve newly sequenced ancient Japanese genomes show that modern day populations do indeed show the genetic signatures of early indigenous Jomon hunter-gatherer-fishers and immigrant Yayoi farmers—but also add a third genetic component that is linked to the Kofun peoples, whose culture spread in Japan between the 3rd and 7th centuries.

AI-powered supply chain visibility platform Altana nabs $15M

Altana AI, a startup building a database for global supply chain networks, today announced that it raised $15 million in a series A funding round led by GV with participation from Floating Point, Ridgeline Partners, Amadeus Capital Partners, and Schematic Ventures. The proceeds, which bring the company’s total raised to $22 million to date, will be used to further develop Altana’s data and AI systems and launch new machine learning and network analysis tools, according to CEO Evan Smith.

Trade wars, the rise of ecommerce, pandemic supply chain shocks, and sustainability concerns are driving fundamental changes to supply chain networks and global trade flows. Nearly 75% of companies report supply chain disruptions in some capacity due to pandemic-related transportation restrictions. And in a recent IBM survey, 40% of executives stressed the need for spare capacity to weather future crises.

Altana’s product aims to solve these challenges with a platform that connects and learns from billions of supply chain data points. It answers questions about products, shipments, companies, and networks, filtering out illicit trade and targeting bad actors and security threats across global commerce networks.

TRNA therapies could help restore proteins lost in translation

He explored the possibility of using gene therapy or gene editing—technologies that were dominating headlines for their ability to tackle other rare genetic disorders. But scientists told him those approaches would be difficult to implement for Dravet. Instead, a newfangled idea called transfer RNA (tRNA) therapy seemed like it might be the answer.

Drug Discovery tRNA therapies could help restore proteins lost in translation.

A new class of therapies based on transfer RNA could treat forms of cystic fibrosis, muscular dystrophy, genetic epilepsies, and more by.

Ryan Cross

Droplets Loaded With Coronaviruses Last Far Longer Than Previously Thought

A very good illustration.

Experiments with dummy heads and masks. Credit: TU Wien

Tiny droplets loaded with viruses disappear more slowly after exhalation than previous models suggested. Experiments and simulations by TU Wien (Vienna) can now explain this.

It is easier to get infected in winter than in summer — this is true for the Corona pandemic, for influenza, and for other viral diseases. Relative humidity plays an important role in this. Outdoors, it is much higher outside in winter than in summer, as can be seen from the fact that our breath condenses into droplets in the cold air.

Depression, bipolar and schizophrenia share gut bacteria similarities

A number of recent studies have homed in on compelling associations between mental health and the microbiome. These insights into strange gut-brain connections have found links between depression and certain species of gut bacteria, and one study even found symptoms of schizophrenia could be transferred from mouse to mouse via fecal transplants.

But are these microbiome perturbations unique to specific psychiatric conditions, or is there a more common gut bacteria signature shared amongst several conditions?

A paradigm shift in aging research?

This is the video of Harold Katcher’s presentation to the London Futurists. It was a great discussion, be sure to check it out.

#haroldkatcher #antiaging #rejuvenation #futurism

It has been known for some time that young blood plasma can confer beneficial effects on various organs in mice, although the mechanisms and implications remained unclear. A recent breakthrough experiment is attracting more attention to this area of research: rats treated with a blood plasma mixture known as E5 subsequently had their effective biological age measured by epigenetic clocks, involving 593 tissue samples. The result was a halving of the epigenetic ages of blood, heart, and liver tissue, and a lesser reduction (still statistically significant) in the epigenetic age of the hypothalamus. This has been heralded as the single most dramatic age-reversal experiment in mammals to date.

On Saturday 18th September, the lead designer of these experiments, Dr Harold Katcher, joined London Futurists to present his analysis of the findings, his own distinctive theories of aging, and his expectation for future research and applications. He also answered questions about his new book, “The Illusion of Knowledge: The paradigm shift in aging research that shows the way to human rejuvenation”, which is available at https://www.amazon.co.uk/Illusion-Knowledge-paradigm-researc…09C7JNB64/

The event was introduced and moderated by David Wood, Chair of London Futurists.

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