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Category: biotech/medical – Page 1,213

Cellular ‘glue’ can regenerate tissues, heal wounds and regrow nerves

Researchers at UC San Francisco (UCSF) have engineered molecules that act like “cellular glue,” allowing them to direct in precise fashion how cells bond with each other. This discovery represents a major step toward building tissues and organs, a long-sought goal of regenerative medicine [1].

Longevity. Technology: Adhesive molecules are found naturally throughout the body, holding its tens of trillions of cells together in highly-organised patterns. They form structures, create neuronal circuits and guide immune cells to their targets. Adhesion also facilitates communication between cells to keep the body functioning as a self-regulating whole.

Now a new study, published in Nature, details how the researchers engineered cells containing customised adhesion molecules that bound with specific partner cells in predictable ways to form complex multicellular ensembles.

How CRISPR lets us take the next step in evolution | Max Plach | TEDxOTHRegensburg

Biophysist and Biochemist Dr. Maximilian Plach talks about a groundbreaking new technology for editing genes, called CRISPR-Cas9. The tool allows scientists to make precise edits to DNA strands, which could lead to treatments for genetic diseases … but could also be used to create so-called “designer babies.” Max reviews how CRISPR-Cas9 works — and asks the scientific community to pause and discuss the ethics of this new tool. Max has earned his PhD in biophysics and computational biology at the University of Regensburg, Germany. He is now Chief Scientific Officer of 2bind, a dynamic and growing company focused on providing biophysical research services for biotech and pharma industries. It is therefore no wonder that Max closely follows the latest breakthroughs and developments in biotech and biomedical technology. He is a long viewer and listener of TED talks; the more exotic, the better. Or who doesn’t remember the talk about the world’s worst city flags? This talk was given at a TEDx event using the TED conference format but independently organized by a local community.

Raising Awareness that Aging is a Problem Worth Solving

Awareness about aging and early symptom of disease can extend life to much more year.

There has been plenty going on here at Lifespan.io, so we thought it was time to give you a little update on what’s been happening.

Longevity Summit

The Longevity Summit 2022 is happening on December 6–7 at the Buck Institute for Research on Aging, and Lifespan.io is an official media partner! As a special bonus to our readers, you can purchase tickets here with a 15% discount using the code LifespanIO.

Our Executive Director Stephanie Dainow will be hosting a discussion panel during the event. If you are at the conference, please do come and say hello, as we are always interested in meeting people in the industry and exploring ways to collaborate.

Scientists create world’s first ‘Vagina-on-a-Chip’ to combat bacterial diseases

Researchers at the Wyss Institute at Harvard University have engineered the first-ever “Vagina on a Chip” in the world that replicates the human vaginal tissue microenvironment in vitro, Scientific American reported on Wednesday.

It is composed of the human vaginal epithelium and underlying connective tissue cells and it replicates many of the physiological features of the vagina, according to Harvard.

Best of all, it can be inoculated with different strains of bacteria allowing researchers to study their effects on the organ’s health.

Stentrode brain computer interface online in first two human patients

Synchron, a neurovascular bioelectronics medicine company, today announced publication of a first-in-human study demonstrating successful use of the Stentrode™ brain-computer interface (BCI), or neuroprosthesis. Specifically, the study shows the Stentrode’s ability to enable patients with severe paralysis to resume daily tasks, including texting, emailing, shopping and banking online, through direct thought, and without the need for open brain surgery. The study is the first to demonstrate that a BCI implanted via the patient’s blood vessels is able to restore the transmission of brain impulses out of the body, and did so wirelessly. The patients were able to use their impulses to control digital devices without the need for a touchscreen, mouse, keyboard or voice activation technology. This feasibility study was published in the Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery (JNIS), the leading international peer-review journal for the clinical field of neurointerventional surgery, and official journal of the Society of NeuroInterventional Surgery (SNIS).

Cough hypersensitivity and chronic cough Reviews Disease Primers

Winter and rainly season are worst for those who have chronic cough.even little rain increases throat pain.

This Primer by Mazzone and colleagues summarizes the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of chronic cough and cough hypersensitivity. This Primer also discusses how cough hypersensitivity and chronic cough affect patients’ quality of life and future research directions for the field.

Size Matters in Cellular Aging

In a new review article published in Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, researchers have suggested adding cellular enlargement to the hallmarks of aging [1].

Different cell types are known to have different shapes and sizes, which are dictated by their functions. In humans, sperm cells (male gametes) and ova (female gametes) have the smallest and largest diameters, respectively. On the other hand, some neurons are the longest cells: their axons can be over a meter long.

Nevertheless, within a specific cell type, the size variation is negligible. It has been long observed that healthy cells tend to maintain their size and that size changes are characteristic of pathological conditions. Cancer cells are often smaller than normal cells, while senescence leads to cellular enlargement [2].

Cellular Reprogramming In Practice | Prof Vittorio Sebastiano Interview Series 2 Ep3

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In this video Professor Sebastiano discusses the results that he and his team have had in rejuvenating human cells and how the process could be applied as well as their experience rejuvenating a muscle in an old mouse.

Professor Vittorio Sebastiano manages a lab in Stanford University which developed and patented technology for partial cellular reprogramming. He co-founded Turn Bio, where he is now Head of research, to translate this technology into clinical applications. And with that, let me start the interview.

Turn Bio website.
https://www.turn.bio/
Professor Sebastiano’s lab at Stanford.
https://med.stanford.edu/stemcell/institutefaculty/sebastiano.html.
Transient non-integrative expression of nuclear reprogramming factors promotes multifaceted amelioration of aging in human cells.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32210226/

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Atomic structure of a staphylococcal bacteriophage using cryo-electron microscopy

Cryo-electron microscopy by University of Alabama at Birmingham researchers has exposed the structure of a bacterial virus with unprecedented detail. This is the first structure of a virus able to infect Staphylococcus epidermidis, and high-resolution knowledge of structure is a key link between viral biology and potential therapeutic use of the virus to quell bacterial infections.

Bacteriophages or “phages” is the terms used for viruses that infect bacteria. The UAB researchers, led by Terje Dokland, Ph.D., in collaboration with Asma Hatoum-Aslan, Ph.D., at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, have described atomic models for all or part of 11 different structural proteins in phage Andhra. The study is published in Science Advances.

Andhra is a member of the picovirus group. Its host range is limited to S. epidermidis. This skin bacterium is mostly benign but also is a leading cause of infections of indwelling medical devices. “Picoviruses are rarely found in phage collections and remain understudied and underused for therapeutic applications,” said Hatoum-Aslan, a phage biologist at the University of Illinois.