Scientists have discovered that honey beehives possess a surprisingly sophisticated system for protecting colonies against disease.

A honey bee colony relies on more than its workers to fight disease. The hive itself acts as a “living immune system,” using carefully arranged natural materials to create layers of antimicrobial protection around developing bees and stored food. New research shows that these defenses are closely linked to the surrounding landscape, with local vegetation influencing how effectively a colony can resist harmful microbes.

“Hives are not only homes for bees, but also act as their workplaces, restaurants, and hospitals, and now we can add immune systems to the list,” said lead researcher Dr. Kenya Fernandes.