Researchers have operated a programmable quantum photonic processor in orbit, demonstrating a light-based computing capability that could eventually help satellites analyze data before sending it to Earth.

The experiment used two photons traveling through a circuit with six optical paths aboard a spacecraft about 317 miles above Earth. Researchers programmed different circuit settings and observed two-photon quantum interference, a behavior needed for several approaches to photonic quantum computing.

Rather than demonstrating quantum advantage over classical systems, the study, posted to the preprint server arXiv, answers a basic question for quantum computing in space. The study addresses whether a compact system could generate, manipulate and detect quantum light after launch, despite radiation, temperature changes and equipment degradation.