Cao et al. made lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) equipped with a small molecule ligand for blood-brain-barrier (BBB) 5-HT3 receptor and a cell penetrating peptide known as Tat. These LNPs crossed the BBB in mice more efficiently than control formulations.

Peptide-modified lipid nanoparticles enable systemic IL-12 mRNA delivery for glioblastoma treatment.