Quantum batteries are an emerging area of research, with progress coming from theoretical studies and proof-of-principle experiments in small quantum systems. Unlike conventional chemical batteries used in everyday life, they use quantum systems to store and transfer energy. Researchers are exploring them as potential future energy sources for quantum processors and other quantum technologies.

Previous research has focused mainly on how fast and powerfully quantum batteries can be charged. In new research, the researchers establish fundamental limits on fluctuations in both the energy delivered by a quantum battery and the rate at which it is delivered.

The work, “Fundamental Limitations on the Reliabilities of Power and Work in Quantum Batteries,” was published in PRX Quantum.