Emory University researchers have provided the first proof of concept in a nonhuman primate model for eliminating HIV-infected cells with venetoclax, a clinically approved cancer medication. Venetoclax effectively targets and blocks Bcl-2, a protein that not only regulates whether cells live or die but also promotes the survival of cancer cells. Similarly, Bcl-2 is a culprit in sustaining HIV cell reservoirs.

The research team determined that venetoclax is also effective at reducing simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) reservoir levels in vivo when given as part of a combination treatment for HIV. The results are reported in Nature Microbiology, and two clinical trials are underway to test venetoclax in people living with HIV.

“Eliminating the viral reservoir is a priority in the pursuit of a cure for HIV,” says Mirko Paiardini, Ph.D., senior author. “Despite many attempts, there hasn’t been a therapeutic strategy able to do this. Our study, however, offers hope for accelerating the timeline for a cure by using an approved medication.”