Using a combination of laser cooling techniques and strong magnetic fields, researchers at Colorado State University have for the first time created an ultracold neutral plasma with electrons cooled to temperatures measured to be within one degree Kelvin.

The work, highlighted in Physics of Plasmas, outlines an approach to better validate theory and refine models of this common state of matter under these and other extreme conditions.

Among many potential applications, the findings will be helpful for the future development of fusion energy systems and the study of astrophysical systems, such as white dwarf stars.