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Linkerology in PROTACs: learnings for proximityinducing therapeutics

Targeted protein degradation has rapidly evolved from a chemical biology concept into a therapeutic modality, with the first proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) degrader now approved as a medicine. Linkers play a central role in governing ternary complex formation and conferring drug-like properties on bifunctional compounds. However, linker optimisation remains one of the least rationalised steps in degrader design. In this review, we introduce a linkerology framework that integrates a data-driven analysis of PROTAC linker chemotypes with historical context, representative case studies, emerging proximity-based modalities, and clinical-stage trends. We reveal persistent biases in the explored linker space and identify linker features that are preferentially retained in clinical-stage degraders.

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