Organ-specific age gaps showed strong associations with cancers affecting the corresponding organ. The strongest association was observed between kidney biological age and renal cancer (HR, 1.6). Organ-specific aging in lungs and intestines also increased the risk of lung cancer and stomach cancer, respectively (HR, 1.4 for both). The sensitivity analysis yielded largely similar results, except for attenuations in kidney and lung cancer, indicating the robustness of the primary findings.

The Global Proteomic Aging Clock predicted mortality from any cause as accurately as conventional risk factors. Combining the findings with established risk factors further improved mortality prediction compared with using risk factors alone.