Amid hot discussion on screen time, social media use and the impact of digital devices on our well-being, a seven-month study from Aalto University in Finland sheds new light on what overwhelms users the most—and the results aren’t what you might think.

“Screen time does matter, but the heaviest users aren’t the most overloaded,” says doctoral researcher Henrik Lassila. “Those who feel most overwhelmed are the ones who return to their phone again and again for brief moments and then put it down shortly after.”

The seven-month study followed the digital behavior of nearly 300 adults in Germany across smartphones and computers. Participants completed repeated surveys about information overload, while all apps and websites used were logged, creating a rich longitudinal dataset of real world device use.