Additive manufacturing has revolutionized manufacturing by enabling customized, cost-effective products with minimal waste. However, with the majority of 3D printers operating on open-loop systems, they are notoriously prone to failure. Minor changes, like adjustments to nozzle size or print speed, can lead to print errors that mechanically weaken the part under production.

Traditionally, manufacturers fix these issues on a case-by-case basis, ultimately “babysitting” the printer to manually adjust parameters and test samples in an effort to figure out what went wrong.