Following a severe market downturn in 2022–2023, major memory manufacturers— Samsung Electronics, SK Hynix, and Micron Technology —implemented strategic production cuts to stabilize pricing. ^{[ 4 ]} By mid-2024, the rapid expansion of generative AI services triggered unprecedented demand for specialized memory products, particularly High Bandwidth Memory (HBM) used in AI accelerators and data center GPUs. ^{[ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ]} Specialized components of chip-making technology are also experiencing supply constraints due to high demand in AI application. For example, glass cloth, a high-performance glass fiber substrate used for power efficient high speed data transfer and a crucial component of chip-making, is experiencing supply crisis as Nitto Boseki, a Japanese firm having overwhelming monopoly in its production, is not able to meet increased demands making chip-makers such as Qualcomm, Apple, Nvidia and AMD compete for securing supply for their chips. ^{[ 8 ] [ 9 ]}

A 2024 McKinsey analysis projected that global demand for AI-ready data center capacity would grow at approximately 33% annually through 2030, with AI workloads consuming roughly 70% of total data center capacity by the decade’s end. ^{[ 10 ]}

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