A study co-led by Richard Carson and colleagues at the Yale School of Medicine has identified a measurable molecular difference in the brains of autistic adults – finding reduced availability of a key glutamate receptor involved in brain signaling balance.

Published in The American Journal of Psychiatry, the research offers new insight into the biological mechanisms of autism and could inform future diagnostic tools and targeted supports.

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Brains of autistic individuals have fewer of a specific kind of glutamate receptor, supporting an idea that autism is driven by a signaling imbalance.