A systematic review and meta-analysis found that people with kidney stones have about twice the risk of developing kidney cancer compared with those without stones, across patient subgroups. The findings support closer cancer surveillance in patients with a history of kidney stones and further research into shared disease mechanisms, given the prevalence of kidney stones and the aggressive nature of kidney cancer.

A new meta-analysis further supports the previously reported link between kidney stones and an increased risk for kidney cancer, with a stronger relationship observed in newer studies.