A new study has uncovered a key difference between the immune system of males and females—and it comes down to a single gene. The study is published in The Journal of Immunology.

It is known that biological sex affects the function of the immune system, with women often being more severely affected by autoimmune conditions or allergic diseases.

Scientists from the University of York have now identified the gene Malat1 as a critical player in regulating immune responses in female immune cells, but not in males.