Jakub Pachocki, OpenAI’s chief scientist since 2024, believes artificial intelligence models will soon be capable of producing original research and making measurable economic impacts. In a conversation with Nature, Pachocki outlined how he sees the field evolving — and how OpenAI plans to balance innovation with safety concerns.

Pachocki, who joined OpenAI in 2017 after a career in theoretical computer science and competitive programming, now leads the firm’s development of its most advanced AI systems. These systems are designed to tackle complex tasks across science, mathematics, and engineering, moving far beyond the chatbot functions that made ChatGPT a household name in 2022.