“Generative” systems such as ChatGPT promise to generate rich profits for those who harness the technology’s potential — and is already minting fortunes for the sellers of the requisite picks and shovels.

A grey rectangular building on the outskirts of San Jose houses rows upon rows of blinking machines. Tangles of colourful wires connect high-end servers, networking gear and data-storage systems. Bulky air-conditioning units whirr overhead. The noise forces visitors to shout.

The building belongs to Equinix, a company that leases data-centre space.