With rapid technological advances, social media has become an everyday form of human social interactions. For the first time in evolutionary history, people can now interact in virtual spaces where temporal, spatial, and embodied cues are decoupled from one another. What implications do these recent changes have for socio-cognitive phenotypes and mental disorders? We have conducted a systematic review on the relationships between social media use and mental disorders involving the social brain. The main findings indicate evidence of increased social media usage in individuals with psychotic spectrum phenotypes and especially among individuals with disorders characterized by alterations in the basic self, most notably narcissism, body dysmorphism, and eating disorders.
Supersolids are a strange quantum state of matter that combines properties of solids and liquids.
Now they’ve gotten even more mind-bending, as scientists have transformed light itself into a supersolid. It’s a breakthrough that could lead to new quantum and photonic technologies.
Beyond the everyday solids, liquids, gases, and plasmas, an entire zoo of exotic states of matter exists. Long theorized but only recently created, a supersolid has a crystalline structure like a regular solid, but it can also, counterintuitively, flow freely like a fluid.
As for these new JWST findings. Poplawski told Space.com: “It would be fascinating if our universe had a preferred axis. Such an axis could be naturally explained by the theory that our universe was born on the other side of the event horizon of a black hole existing in some parent universe.”
He added that black holes form from stars or at the centers of galaxies, and most likely globular clusters, which all rotate. That means black holes also rotate, and the axis of rotation of a black hole would influence a universe created by the black hole, manifesting itself as a preferred axis.
“I think that the simplest explanation of the rotating universe is the universe was born in a rotating black hole. Spacetime torsion provides the most natural mechanism that avoids a singularity in a black hole and instead creates a new, closed universe,” Poplawski continued. “A preferred axis in our universe, inherited by the axis of rotation of its parent black hole, might have influenced the rotation dynamics of galaxies, creating the observed clockwise-counterclockwise asymmetry.
While performing yesterday’s flyby of Mars, ESA’s Hera mission for planetary defence made the first use of its payload for scientific purposes beyond Earth and the Moon. Activating a trio of instruments, Hera imaged the surface of the red planet as well as the face of Deimos, the smaller and more mysterious of Mars’s two moons.
Launched on 7 October 2024, Hera is on its way to visit the first asteroid to have had its orbit altered by human action. By gathering close-up data about the Dimorphos asteroid, which was impacted by NASA’s DART spacecraft in 2022, Hera will help turn asteroid deflection into a well understood and potentially repeatable technique.
Hera’s 12 March flyby of Mars was an integral part of its cruise phase through deep space, carefully designed by ESA’s Flight Dynamics team. By coming as close as 5,000 km away from Mars, the planet’s gravity shifted the spacecraft’s trajectory towards its final destination, Dimorphos and the larger Didymos asteroid it orbits around. This manoeuvre shortened Hera’s journey time by many months and saved a substantial amount of fuel.
Scientists from the University of Portsmouth have discovered that water was already present in the Universe 100–200 million years after the Big Bang.
The discovery means habitable planets could have started forming much earlier — before the first galaxies formed and billions of years earlier than was previously thought.
The study was led by astrophysicist Dr Daniel Whalen from the University of Portsmouth’s Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation. It is published today (3 March 2025) in Nature Astronomy.
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Physicists in Japan have developed streamlined formulas to measure quantum entanglement, revealing surprising quantum interactions in nanoscale.
The term “nanoscale” refers to dimensions that are measured in nanometers (nm), with one nanometer equaling one-billionth of a meter. This scale encompasses sizes from approximately 1 to 100 nanometers, where unique physical, chemical, and biological properties emerge that are not present in bulk materials. At the nanoscale, materials exhibit phenomena such as quantum effects and increased surface area to volume ratios, which can significantly alter their optical, electrical, and magnetic behaviors. These characteristics make nanoscale materials highly valuable for a wide range of applications, including electronics, medicine, and materials science.
Moreover, among the 37 druggable genes supported by at least two pieces of genetic evidence, we have identified 28 drugs targeting MPL, CA4, TUBB, and RRM1, although neither in clinical trials nor reported previously have the potential to be repurposed for slowing down brain aging. Specifically, four drugs, namely, avatrombopag, eltrombopag, lusutrombopag, and romiplostim, which are typically used for thrombocytopenia, act as agonists for MPL. As mentioned above, MPL is a thrombopoietin receptor and has been linked to platelet count and brain morphology in the GWAS catalog. Notably, platelet signaling and aggregation pathway is enriched using the 64 MR genes. It is worth noting that platelet count decreases during aging and is lower in men compared to women (84). A recent study of platelets has also revealed that platelets rejuvenate the aging brain (85). Schroer et al. (86) found that circulating platelet-derived factors could potentially serve as therapeutic targets to attenuate neuroinflammation and improve cognition in aging mice (86). Park et al. (87) reported that longevity factor klotho induces multiple platelet factors in plasma, enhancing cognition in the young brain and decreasing cognitive deficits in the aging brain (87). Leiter et al. (88) found that platelet-derived platelet factor 4, highly abundant chemokine in platelets, ameliorates hippocampal neurogenesis, and restores cognitive function in aged mice. These findings suggest that the aforementioned drugs may enhance the expression of MPL, leading to increased platelet count and potentially contributing to a delay in brain aging. It is important to note that determining the significant tissue(s) for gene prioritization can be challenging. Although brain tissues may be more biologically relevant for brain aging, circulating proteins have the capability to modulate brain aging as well (89, 90). Six drugs (cladribine, clofarabine, gallium nitrate, gemcitabine, hydroxyurea, and tezacitabine) are inhibitors of RRM1, whereas 12 drugs (brentuximab vedotin, cabazitaxel, crolibulin, indibulin, ixabepilone, paclitaxel, plinabulin, podofilox, trastuzumab emtansine, vinblastine, vinflunine, and vinorelbine) are inhibitors of TUBB. Most of these drugs targeting RRM1 and TUBB are antineoplastic agents used in cancer treatment. In addition, six drugs (acetazolamide, brinzolamide, chlorothiazide, methazolamide, topiramate, and trichlormethiazide) are inhibitors of CA4 and most of them are used for hypertension.
There are a few limitations to this study: (i) The accurate estimation of brain age is hindered by the lack of ground-truth brain biological age and discrepancies between brain biological age and chronological age in supposedly healthy individuals. The estimated brain age derived from MRI data includes inherent biases (91). Although our model has shown better generalization performance compared to other models, there is always an expectation for a more accurate brain age estimation model that can deliver more robust outcomes for clinical applicants (3, 91). (ii) Potential data bias may affect the findings of this comprehensive study. For instance, the brain age estimation model and GWAS summary statistics primarily relied on cohorts of European white individuals, potentially overlooking druggable targets that would be effective in individuals of non-European ancestry. Validation using genomic and clinical data from more diverse populations could help remedy this limitation. (iii) Validation on independent discovery and replication cohorts would enhance the reliability of the identified genes as drug targets for the prevention of brain aging. Although we maximized statistical power using the UKB data as a large discovery cohort, the absence of a discovery-replication design is unavoidable. As large-scale datasets containing both MRI and genome-wide genotypes were not widely available, we used a combination of GWAS for BAG, MR with xQTL, colocalization analysis, MR-PheWAS, and the existing literature to carefully identify genetic targets that are supported by evidence for their involvement in brain aging. With the availability of more comprehensive proteomics platforms and the inclusion of more diverse non-European ancestry populations in studies, it is likely to replicate and validate our results. (iv) Brain aging is a complex process involving numerous potential causes, such as aging of cerebral blood vessels (92), atrophy of the cerebral cortex (93), etc. These causes may overlap and interweave, undergoing considerable changes during brain aging (48). Although our study demonstrates the utility of systematically analyzing GWAS alongside extensive brain imaging information and xQTL analysis to enrich the identification of drug targets, there remains a need for machine learning or statistical methods to address the various risk factors associated with brain aging. Fine-grained analysis is a must to comprehend the individualized causes and trajectories of brain aging, enabling the identification of effective drug targets and the use of precision medications for the purpose of slowing down or even preventing brain aging. There is also an increasing need for comprehensive studies spanning different tissues and organs to evaluate tissue-or organ-specific effects of targets, enabling the systematic prevention or treatment of human aging. (v) This study did not explore adverse effects of the rediscovered antiaging drugs. This is particularly important because healthy aging individuals should be encouraged to consider the potential risks associated with taking medications or supplements for slowing down aging as these interventions may have unintended negative consequences for both individuals and society. Alternatively, it is worthwhile to explore nonpharmacological interventions/digital therapies that can help preserve mental and physical fitness in people during aging.
In summary, we present a systematic study for identify genetically supported targets and drugs for brain aging with deep learning-based brain age estimation, GWAS for BAG, analysis of the relation between BAG and brain disorders, prioritization of targets using MR and colorization analysis for BAG with xQTL data, drug repurposing for these targets of BAG, and PheWAS. Our results offer the potential to mitigate the risk associated with drug discovery by identifying genetically supported targets and repurposing approved drugs to attenuate brain aging. We anticipate that our findings will serve as a valuable resource for prioritizing drug development efforts for BAG, shedding light on the understanding of human brain aging and potentially extending the health span in humans.
Researchers have developed a blood test that could accurately detect up to 50 types of cancers, and some of these detections could be even before the symptoms appear. The test would help physicians detect the origin or the source of cancer within the body explain the researchers from the European Society of Oncology. The study titled, “Sensitive and specific multi-cancer detection and localization using methylation signatures in cell-free DNA,” was published in the latest issue of the journal Annals of Oncology.
Sensitive and specific multi-cancer detection and localization using methylation signatures in cell-free DNA. Image Credit: Roman Zaiets
The researchers noted that this new test has a 0.7 percent false-positive rate for cancer detection and soon could be part of the cancer screening programs in different nations. They found that 96 percent of the time, the test could predict the tissue from which cancer had started, and the accuracy rate was 93 percent.
Researchers at Ruhr University Bochum, Germany, have studied the impact of two brain areas on the nature of memory content. The team from the Department of Neurophysiology showed in rats how the so-called locus coeruleus and the ventral tegmental area permanently alter brain activity in the hippocampus region, which is crucial for the formation of memory.
The two areas compete with each other for influence to determine, for example, in what way emotionally charged and meaningful experiences are stored. Dr. Hardy Hagena and Professor Denise Manahan-Vaughan conducted the study using optogenetics. In the process, they genetically modified rats so that certain nerve cells could be activated or deactivated with light.
They published their findings in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.