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Holograms deliver an exceptional representation of 3D world around us. Plus, they’re beautiful. (Go ahead — check out the holographic dove on your Visa card.) Holograms offer a shifting perspective based on the viewer’s position, and they allow the eye to adjust focal depth to alternately focus on foreground and background.

Researchers have long sought to make computer-generated holograms, but the process has traditionally required a supercomputer to churn through physics simulations, which is time-consuming and can yield less-than-photorealistic results. Now, MIT researchers have developed a new way to produce holograms almost instantly — and the deep learning-based method is so efficient that it can run on a laptop in the blink of an eye, the researchers say.

For decades, researchers assumed the cosmic rays that regularly bombard Earth from the far reaches of the galaxy are born when stars go supernova — when they grow too massive to support the fusion occurring at their cores and explode.

Those gigantic explosions do indeed propel atomic particles at the speed of light great distances. However, new research suggests even supernovae — capable of devouring entire solar systems — are not strong enough to imbue particles with the sustained energies needed to reach petaelectronvolts (PeVs), the amount of kinetic energy attained by very high-energy cosmic rays.

And yet cosmic rays have been observed striking Earth’s atmosphere at exactly those velocities, their passage marked, for example, by the detection tanks at the High-Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory near Puebla, Mexico. Instead of supernovae, the researchers posit that star clusters like the Cygnus Cocoon serve as PeVatrons — PeV accelerators — capable of moving particles across the galaxy at such high energy rates.

Saving Lives; Changing Minds — Dr. Emanuele Capobianco, MD, Director for Health and Care, International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies.


Dr. Emanuele Capobianco, MD, MPH, is the Director for Health and Care at the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC), where he leads the IFRC Global Health and Care Team and provides strategic and operational support to 192 National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies around the world in the areas of community health, emergency health and water/sanitation. He currently also leads the IFRC global response to COVID19 and the IFRC response to the Ebola outbreaks in DRC.

Before this role at IFRC, Dr. Capobianco was the Deputy Executive-Director of The Partnership for Maternal, Newborn & Child Health, a multi-constituency partnership, hosted by the World Health Organization, and is the world’s largest alliance for women’s, children’s and adolescents’ health. He joined there from the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria where he worked as Senior Policy Advisor in the Office of the Executive Director, leading the development of the 2017–2022 Global Fund Strategy.

A study by Monash scientists has found that a rare earth affects the fate of a key reaction with copper, gold, silver, and uranium mineralisation.

The work is part of the “Olympic Dam in a test tube” project, where researchers tried to reproduce the processes that resulted in the concentration of more than a trillion dollars worth of metals at Olympic Dam in South Australia in the laboratory.

The study, published in Nature Communications, found that Cerium, which belongs to the group of elements called ‘rare earths’ speeds up important reactions and plays other significant roles.