Toggle light / dark theme

If you think of very low temperatures, there’s a good chance you are picturing ice. Ice is a quintessential “cold” thing for us. But at extreme pressures, like in the core of large planets, something peculiar can happen. Ice can remain solid but have a temperature hotter than the surface of the Sun.

This type of water ice is called “superionic ice” and has been added to the list of around 20 phases water can structurally form, including ice, liquid, and vapor. Now, researchers report in Nature Physics the discovery and characterization of two superionic ice phases, having found a way of reliably and stably recreating the ice for longer than has previously been achieved to be able to study it.

One superionic phase extends between 200,000 and 60,000 times the atmospheric pressure at sea level and at a temperature of several hundred to over 1,000 ° C. The other phase extends to half the pressure experienced at the center of the Earth and with temperatures of thousands of degrees.

Experiments conducted in August achieved a record yield of more than 1.3 megajoules.

After decades of inertial confinement fusion research, a record yield of more than 1.3 megajoules (MJ) from fusion reactions was achieved in the laboratory for the first time during an experiment at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory’s (LLNL) National Ignition Facility (NIF) on August 8, 2021. These results mark an 8-fold improvement over experiments conducted in spring 2021 and a 25-fold increase over NIF’s 2018 record yield (Figure 1).

NIF precisely guides, amplifies, reflects, and focuses 192 powerful laser beams into a target about the size of a pencil eraser in a few billionths of a second. NIF generates temperatures in the target of more than 180 million F and pressures of more than 100 billion Earth atmospheres. Those extreme conditions cause hydrogen atoms in the target to fuse and release energy in a controlled thermonuclear reaction.

What would humanity be like if it was Level 4 on the Kardashev Scale? In this video, Unveiled takes a dramatic trip into the future to discover how the human race would change and evolve if it ever hoped to be a Type IV Civilization. We’re talking a whole universe’s worth of power and energy here, so hold on to your hats!

This is Unveiled, giving you incredible answers to extraordinary questions!

Find more amazing videos for your curiosity here:
What If Humanity Was a Type II Civilization? — https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y6Aj_bnZ3Gs.
What If Humanity Was a Type V Civilization? — https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DGB7hPX0wc0

Are you constantly curious? Then subscribe for more from Unveiled ► https://wmojo.com/unveiled-subscribe.

It’s the BIG one! The FINAL LEVEL on the Kardashev Scale! In this video, Unveiled discovers what the world would be like if humanity could complete the Kardashev Scale and become the most advanced civilisation it’s possible to be… This goes beyond gods and monsters, to the incredible, immortal heart of the omniverse!

Let us know what you think in the comments!

This is Unveiled, giving you incredible answers to extraordinary questions!

Find more amazing videos for your curiosity here:

The last year has been a story of triumph in the vaccine world, with the rapid development of two highly successful vaccines for Covid-19, one developed by Moderna and the other by Pfizer and BioNTech. Now that flu season is approaching, why are we still using 50-year-old technology for the flu vaccine?

The reason the Covid-19 vaccines were developed so quickly is that they used a new, much faster and easier-to-create type of vaccine technology, based on messenger RNA, or mRNA. What’s even more exciting is that we now have an overwhelming amount of evidence, from real-world experience, that these vaccines are remarkably safe and effective.

Now, anti-vaxxers and the “vaccine hesitant” are claiming they don’t trust the vaccine because it was developed too fast. That’s ridiculous: the real reason they don’t trust the vaccine is because they’re consuming a steady diet of anti-vaccine nonsense, promoted by a combination of right-wing media and the Disinformation Dozen (who include left-wing as well as right-wing zealots). But let’s not go down that rabbit hole today.