Could the brain’s nightly “cleanup” be amplified by sound? New research suggests it may be possible.
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Scientists melted a diamond and cracked a secret of ice giants
Ask a planetary scientist, and they will tell you that diamonds aren’t really all that uncommon. In fact, there are billions of tons of them hiding away in the deep interiors of planets in our solar system and beyond. The most enthusiastic will tell you about diamond rain—where a planet’s temperature and pressure are so great that diamond literally melts and forms a liquid, dropping toward the planet’s core.
The friction and heat these diamond raindrops generate are among the primary drivers of Neptune’s excess energy, which it then radiates back out into space. For the first time, the LLNL paper provides solid experimental data on the precise pressures and temperatures needed for such an awe-inspiring event to occur.
FDA authorizes first wearable to track both ketones and blood sugar
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on Tuesday authorized the first wearable sensor that continuously tracks ketones—chemicals the body makes when it burns fat instead of sugar for fuel.
It is also the first device anywhere to monitor ketones and blood sugar at the same time, the FDA said.
When ketones climb too high, they can cause diabetic ketoacidosis, or DKA. The American Diabetes Association warns that DKA can worsen within hours and lead to coma or death if it goes untreated.
Cardioprotective properties of empagliflozin and other SGLT2 inhibitors
In this Review, Zelniker and Braunwald summarize the cardioprotective effects of empagliflozin and other sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and discuss the underlying mechanisms of these effects, including haemodynamic modulation, improved mitochondrial bioenergetics and activation of cytoprotective pathways that inhibit oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrosis.
HDAC10 promotes Th17 differentiation and IL17Adriven neutrophilic airway inflammation in severe asthma
To delineate HDAC10’s function in T cells, we engineered CD4+ T cell-specific Hdac10 knockout (KO) mice (Hdac10fl/fl-CD4Cre) by crossing Hdac10fl/fl mice with CD4Cre mice (Figure S2 A), which were genotyped using PCR (Figure S2 B). The deletion of HDAC10 in CD4+ T cells was confirmed by western blotting (WB) and RT-qPCR (Figures S2 C and S2D). We observed that Hdac10 absence in CD4+ T cells had no effects on T cell development and differentiation in thymus (Figure S2 E and S2F) and T cells composition, apoptosis, or proliferation in spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes (mLN) (Figures S2 G–S2R) at steady state. Collectively, these data demonstrate that HDAC10 is dispensable for steady-state T cell development.
To determine HDAC10’s role in CD4+ T cells during allergic airway inflammation, we employed a neutrophilic asthma mouse model. Hdac10fl/fl-CD4Cre asthmatic mice exhibited lowered airway resistance compared with Hdac10fl/fl asthmatic mice (Figure 2A). Total cell counts and the number of neutrophils in BALF were profoundly reduced in Hdac10fl/fl-CD4Cre asthmatic mice compared with the littermates (Figures 2B and 2C). Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining confirmed attenuated inflammation score in Hdac10fl/fl-CD4Cre asthmatic mice (Figures 2D and 2E). Peribronchial trichrome (Masson) and periodic acid Schiff (PAS) staining showed a reduction in collagen deposition and mucus production in Hdac10fl/fl-CD4Cre asthmatic mice (Figures 2F–2I). Furthermore, IHC for myeloperoxidase (MPO) showed reduced neutrophil infiltration in lung tissues of Hdac10fl/fl-CD4Cre asthmatic mice (Figures 2J and 2K).
Barrier organ mechanomedicine and therapeutic insights
Mechanical forces regulate development, homeostasis, and repair in the skin, lung, and cornea—external barrier organs that are exposed to stretch, shear, and stiffness. Dysregulated mechanotransduction drives fibrosis, inflammation, and impaired repair via conserved pathways [Piezo1 (Piezo-type mechanosensitive ion channel 1), TRPV4 (transient receptor potential vanilloid 4), and integrin–YAP (Yes-associated protein)]. Targeting these circuits with small molecules, biologics, or stiffness-tuned biomaterials offers a novel category of cross-organ therapies. As mechanosensitive pathways and mechanically informed biomaterials advance toward clinical testing, an integrated cross-organ perspective is urgently needed to address unmet therapeutic needs in chronic barrier diseases. This review unifies disparate insights into biophysics, molecular biology, and clinical practice to reveal how shared mechanisms underpin barrier pathologies and enable breakthrough mechanomedicine treatments.
New drug could help SLOW AGING
Fox News senior medical analyst Dr. Marc Siegel discusses how artificial intelligence is advancing medical research and a new drug that may help slow the aging process on ‘America’s Newsroom.’
#fox #media #breakingnews #us #usa #new #news #breaking #foxnews #americasnewsroom #aging #antiaging #longevity #health #healthnews #medicalresearch #medicine #drugresearch #artificialintelligence #ai #technology #science #medicalbreakthrough #marcsiegel.
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CAIVdirected smallmolecule shuttle enables targeted brain delivery of biologics Chemical Biology
After AAV directed evolution led to discovery of a new blood-brain-barrier (BBB) receptor (carbonic anhydrase IV) which facilitates transcytosis, Ding et al. linked a small molecule binder of CA-IV to antibodies, allowing the antibodies to traverse the BBB. This is a major advance since it represents the first time that a receptor target discovered via AAV directed evolution has been adapted to transport other types of molecules across the BBB.
Existing receptor targets to direct delivery of biologics across the blood−brain barrier are ubiquitously expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral tissues. Now, carbonic anhydrase IV (CA-IV) is identified as a brain-enriched receptor, enabling selective and prolonged delivery of large molecules to the CNS through conjugation of a small molecule targeting CA-IV.