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Jan 14, 2025
Cosmic shock waves: Unraveling the mystery of electron acceleration
Posted by Genevieve Klien in categories: particle physics, satellites
Scientists have come a step closer to understanding how collisionless shock waves—found throughout the universe—are able to accelerate particles to extreme speeds.
These shock waves are one of nature’s most powerful particle accelerators and have long intrigued scientists for the role they play in producing cosmic rays — high-energy particles that travel across vast distances in space.
The research, published in Nature Communications, combines satellite observations from NASA’s MMS (Magnetospheric Multiscale) and THEMIS/ARTEMIS missions with recent theoretical advancements, offering a comprehensive new model to explain the acceleration of electrons in collisionless shock environments.
Jan 14, 2025
DNA nanorobots that can alter artificial cells offer a new tool for synthetic biology
Posted by Genevieve Klien in categories: bioengineering, biotech/medical, nanotechnology
The shape and morphology of a cell play a key role in the biological function. This corresponds to the principle of “form follows function,” which is common in modern fields of design and architecture. The transfer of this principle to artificial cells is a challenge in synthetic biology. Advances in DNA nanotechnology now offer promising solutions. They allow the creation of novel transport channels that are large enough to facilitate the passage of therapeutic proteins across cell membranes.
In this emerging field, Prof. Laura Na Liu, Director of the 2nd Physics Institute at the University of Stuttgart and Fellow at the Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research (MPI-FKF), has developed an innovative tool for controlling the shape and permeability of lipid membranes in synthetic cells. These membranes are made up of lipid bilayers that enclose an aqueous compartment and serve as simplified models of biological membranes. They are useful for studying membrane dynamics, protein interactions, and lipid behavior.
The work is published in Nature Materials.
Jan 14, 2025
Speed Unleashed: How a Tiny Quantum Switch Is Supercharging Data Centers
Posted by Genevieve Klien in categories: bioengineering, biotech/medical, business, computing, education, law, quantum physics
Researchers at the university of pennsylvania.
The University of Pennsylvania (Penn) is a prestigious private Ivy League research university located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1740 by Benjamin Franklin, Penn is one of the oldest universities in the United States. It is renowned for its strong emphasis on interdisciplinary education and its professional schools, including the Wharton School, one of the leading business schools globally. The university offers a wide range of undergraduate, graduate, and professional programs across various fields such as law, medicine, engineering, and arts and sciences. Penn is also known for its significant contributions to research, innovative teaching methods, and active campus life, making it a hub of academic and extracurricular activity.
Jan 14, 2025
Scientists engineer nanostructured surfaces hostile to bacteria but friendly to cells
Posted by Genevieve Klien in categories: biotech/medical, chemistry, life extension, nanotechnology
Researchers from Tokyo Metropolitan University have created nanostructured alumina surfaces which are strongly antibacterial but can be used to culture cells. They found that anodic porous alumina (APA) surfaces prepared using electrochemistry in concentrated sulfuric acid had unprecedented resistance to bacterial growth, but did not hamper cell cultures.
The work is published in the journal Langmuir.
The team’s technology promises to have a big impact on regenerative medicine, where high quality cell cultures without bacterial contamination may be produced without antibiotics.
Jan 14, 2025
Understanding unfathomable matter: the secrets of neutron stars
Posted by Genevieve Klien in categories: space, supercomputing
Using a supercomputer, scientists have found that the matter of neutron stars with high isospin densities is superconducting.
Jan 14, 2025
Is Consciousness Research The Next Big Quantum Use Case?
Posted by Dan Breeden in categories: quantum physics, robotics/AI
The once shiny, exciting use cases for quantum technology may turn out to be pretty mundane if a small, but courageous band of researchers proves their theories correct. After all, using quantum computers to find new drug treatments, navigate the world without global positioning systems, and optimize complex portfolios may seem downright boring compared to using them to explore the myriad of questions that surround the hard problems of consciousness. Questions like: what the heck even is consciousness — and, does it have a connection to quantum mechanics? And, can quantum computing help make robots conscious — and should we make them conscious?
Tough questions, for sure, but here we’ll introduce a few researchers and entrepreneurs who are heading in that direction right now and leaning into what might turn out to be the ultimate quantum computing use case of all time: consciousness.
Hartmut Neven, a physicist and computational neuroscientist leading Google’s Quantum Artificial Intelligence Lab, believes quantum computing could help explore consciousness. Speaking to New Scientist, Neven outlined experiments and theories suggesting consciousness might emerge from quantum phenomena, such as entanglement and superposition, within the human brain. He proposes leveraging quantum computers to test these ideas, potentially expanding our understanding of how the mind interacts with the physical world.
Jan 14, 2025
Brain-inspired nanotech offers new path for smarter electronics
Posted by Dan Breeden in categories: computing, mobile phones, nanotechnology, neuroscience, wearables
Imagine a future where your phone, computer or even a tiny wearable device can think and learn like the human brain—processing information faster, smarter and using less energy.
A new approach developed at Flinders University and UNSW Sydney brings this vision closer to reality by electrically “twisting” a single nanoscale ferroelectric domain wall.
The domain walls are almost invisible, extremely tiny (1–10 nm) boundaries that naturally arise or can even be injected or erased inside special insulating crystals called ferroelectrics. The domain walls inside these crystals separate regions with different bound charge orientations.
Jan 14, 2025
Neuroscientist show how stress reshapes fear memories via the brain’s endocannabinoid system
Posted by Dan Breeden in category: neuroscience
Stress disrupts memory precision, causing generalized fear responses by enlarging memory-encoding neuron networks. This effect, mediated by the brain’s endocannabinoid system, suggests potential therapeutic targets for conditions like PTSD and anxiety disorders.
Jan 14, 2025
Quantum Algorithms Could Prompt Faster Solutions For Complex Simulations
Posted by Paul Battista in categories: chemistry, finance, information science, mathematics, quantum physics, robotics/AI
Quantum computers may soon dramatically enhance our ability to solve problems modeled by nonreversible Markov chains, according to a study published on the pre-print server arXiv.
The researchers from Qubit Pharmaceuticals and Sorbonne University, demonstrated that quantum algorithms could achieve exponential speedups in sampling from such chains, with the potential to surpass the capabilities of classical methods. These advances — if fully realized — have a range of implications for fields like drug discovery, machine learning and financial modeling.
Markov chains are mathematical frameworks used to model systems that transition between various states, such as stock prices or molecules in motion. Each transition is governed by a set of probabilities, which defines how likely the system is to move from one state to another. Reversible Markov chains — where the probability of moving from, let’s call them, state A to state B equals the probability of moving from B to A — have traditionally been the focus of computational techniques. However, many real-world systems are nonreversible, meaning their transitions are biased in one direction, as seen in certain biological and chemical processes.