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“Both galaxies in the Question Mark Pair show active star formation in several compact regions, likely a result of gas from the two galaxies colliding,” said Dr. Vicente Estrada-Carpenter.

How did stars form 7 billion years ago, or approximately halfway between the Big Bang and now? This is what a recent study published in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society hopes to address as an international team of researchers used NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) to observe two distant galaxies using the gravitational lensing method, which is a “magnifying glass” that forms around large celestial objects that warp the fabric of space-time. This study holds the potential to help astronomers better understand the conditions in the early universe and the techniques used to study those conditions.

While the gravitational lensing method enables observations of distant objects, those objects also tend to appear distorted due to the space-time warping. In this case, the distant galaxies being observed appear together as a question mark in the JWST images, though astronomers were still able to learn quite a bit about this galaxy. These findings included new insights into star formation, with several stars in the red galaxy exhibiting various stages of formation, including bursty stars, quenching stars, and stars in equilibrium.

Continue reading “Galaxy Interactions and Cosmic Illusions: Webb’s Stunning New Images” »

A study by the Medical University of Vienna has made important progress in understanding heat perception in humans. The research team was able to identify a specific cell structure that plays a role in recognizing heat. However, most of the protective recognition of heat in everyday life depends on other, as yet unknown structures.

Researchers use AI and models to improve EV battery safety:

One of the electric vehicles’ most critical safety concerns is keeping their batteries cool, as temperature spikes can lead to dangerous consequences.

New research led by a University of Arizona doctoral student proposes a way to predict and prevent temperature spikes in the lithium-ion batteries commonly used to power such vehicles.

Continue reading “New machine learning model developed to prevent EV battery fires” »

You know the classic game Pong with the paddles and ball that moves across the screen? Imagine the ball and paddles synchronized to music. Victor Tao approached the challenge as an optimization problem to figure out where the paddle and balls should go, based on the beats of a song:

Fortunately there is a mature field dedicated to optimizing an objective (screen utilization) with respect to variables (the locations of bounces) in the presence of constraints on those variables (physics and the beats of the song). If we write our requirements as a constrained optimization problem, we can use an off-the-shelf solver to compute optimal paddle positions instead of designing an algorithm ourselves.

Continue reading “Music visualizer in the style of a Pong game” »

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What is it about human brains that enable both the regulation of bodily activities and the generation of mental thoughts? What are the mechanisms of human brain function? How do they integrate to give the sense of mental unity? What happens when something in the brain goes wrong—abnormalities, injury, disease? What is the future of brain science?

Continue reading “Kelsey Martin — How do Human Brains Function?” »

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The first images are back from a spacecraft that, on Sept. 4, got to within just 102.5 miles (165 kilometers) of the surface of Mercury, the closest it will ever get. The European Space Agency’s $1.8 billion BepiColombo vehicle snapped images of the inner planet’s polar regions and cratered surface as it zoomed by.

The flyby was the seventh of its long journey around the solar system—one of Earth, two of Venus and three of Mercury—as it attempts to lose energy and steer itself into orbit around Mercury during a long and complex journey. This latest flyby reduced the spacecraft’s speed and changed its direction.

Continue reading “Mercury: Spacecraft Drops Epic New Photos From Just 102 Miles Above” »

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A multi-university research team co-led by University of Virginia engineering professor Gustavo K. Rohde has developed a system that can spot genetic markers of autism in brain images with 89 to 95% accuracy.

Their findings suggest doctors may one day see, classify and treat autism and related neurological conditions with this method, without having to rely on, or wait for, behavioral cues. And that means this truly personalized medicine could result in earlier interventions.

Continue reading “UVA Research Cracks the Autism Code, Making the Neurodivergent Brain Visible” »

For the Artemis 3 mission, we will be able to reach astronauts up to 2 kilometers away from the lander.