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Newly discovered RNA molecule could limit protein aggregation and prevent neuronal damage

Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease and dementia, are medical conditions that entail the progressive loss of neurons and a decline in brain function. Past studies have found a link between these diseases and the buildup of misfolded proteins, such as tau and α-synuclein.

Tau is a protein found primarily in neurons that typically helps to stabilize structures that transport nutrients and molecules within neurons, known as microtubules. α-synuclein, on the other hand, is a small protein located at the tips of neurons (i.e., pre-synapses), which typically helps to regulate the function of synaptic vesicles, small sacs that release neurotransmitters across synapses.

While these proteins have an important function in the healthy brain, their abnormal has been found to be a hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases. The that prompt their accumulation, however, have not yet been fully elucidated.

Self-adapting LLMs behave more like students to absorb new knowledge

In an MIT classroom, a professor lectures while students diligently write down notes they will reread later to study and internalize key information ahead of an exam.

Humans know how to learn new information, but can’t do this in the same way. Once a fully trained LLM has been deployed, its “brain” is static and can’t permanently adapt itself to new knowledge.

This means that if a user tells an LLM something important today, it won’t remember that information the next time this person starts a new conversation with the chatbot.

AI detects hidden objects on chest scans better than radiologists

Researchers at the University of Southampton have developed an artificial intelligence (AI) tool that can spot hard-to-see objects lodged in patients’ airways better than expert radiologists.

In a study published in npj Digital Medicine, the AI model outperformed radiologists in checking CT scans for objects that don’t show up well on scans. The paper is titled “Automated Detection of Radiolucent Foreign Body Aspiration on Chest CT Using Deep Learning.”

These accidentally inhaled objects can cause coughing, choking, difficulty breathing and sometimes lead to more serious complications if not treated properly.

Experimental drug protects mitochondria and prevents kidney injury in mice

Serious damage to short-term kidney function—known as acute kidney injury, or AKI—can be fatal and also increase the risk of irreversible chronic kidney disease. It can be triggered by stressors ranging from sepsis to heart surgery, and it affects more than half of ICU patients. There are currently no drugs to treat AKI.

Now, researchers at University of Utah Health (U of U Health) have found that AKI is triggered by fatty molecules called ceramides, which cause serious injury by damaging kidney mitochondria. Using a backup drug candidate that changes metabolism, the team was able to preserve mitochondrial integrity and prevent kidney injury in .

“We completely reversed the pathology of by inactivating ceramides,” says Scott Summers, Ph.D., distinguished professor and Chair of the Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology in the University of Utah College of Health and senior author on a paper describing the results.

Why Did “Magic Mushrooms” Evolve To Be Hallucinogenic — What’s In It For The Mushrooms?

Given its versatile ability to help with these problems (research is, of course, ongoing), and the hallucinogenic properties of psilocybin, it’s no wonder they’ve earned the nickname “magic mushrooms”. But it may have crossed your mind at some point: what is in it for the mushrooms themselves? In short, why did these mushrooms evolve to be psychedelic?

The trait must be useful in some way to the fungi. In fact, it may be so useful that it has evolved this property several times.

“Nature has actually invented the same active compound twice,” Tim Schäfer, lead author of a recent genetic study which found this surprising result, said in a statement.

Severe solar storms may trigger widespread auroras and disrupt communications this week

Space weather forecasters issued an alert on Tuesday for incoming severe solar storms that could produce colorful northern lights and temporarily disrupt communications.

In the past few days, the sun has burped out several bursts of energy called that could reach Earth Tuesday night and early Wednesday. The potential severe geomagnetic storms could disrupt radio and GPS communications, according to forecasters with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

How bright the auroras are and how far south they are visible will depend on when the solar bursts get here and how they interact with Earth’s atmosphere. The vibrant displays could be visible across much of the northern U.S., and as far south as Alabama and Northern California.

Shared gut microbe imbalances found across autism, ADHD, and anorexia nervosa

A new study has identified distinct patterns in the gut bacteria of children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and anorexia nervosa. Published in the journal Neuroscience, the research also reveals altered levels of hormones that regulate appetite, suggesting a complex interplay between gut microbes, eating behaviors, and brain health in these conditions.

The human digestive tract is home to a bustling community of trillions of microorganisms, collectively known as the gut microbiota. This internal ecosystem communicates with the brain through a complex network of signals, often called the gut-brain axis. Researchers are increasingly recognizing that an imbalance in this microbial community, sometimes referred to as dysbiosis, may be associated with a range of health conditions, including those affecting the brain.

Neurodevelopmental disorders like autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), along with the psychiatric disorder anorexia nervosa (AN), are frequently accompanied by gastrointestinal issues and atypical eating patterns.

Oxygen Deprivation Alters Gene Expression, Raising Illness Risk

Oxygen is vital to the body. When levels of oxygen in the blood get too low, serious problems can arise. This can happen as people recover from some disorders that can drive oxygen levels down, such as repeated infections or severe lung disease. New research has shown that low blood oxygen levels can alter various aspects of DNA in important immune cells, and this can hamper the body’s ability to fight dangerous infections. The findings have been reported in Nature Immunology.

Functional Connectivity Changes in Traumatic Brain InjuryA Systematic Review and Coordinate-Based Meta-Analysis of fMRI Studies

Importance There lacks data clarifying the meningioma risk conferred by depot medroxyprogesterone acetate in the US.

Objective To examine the relative risk of meningioma diagnosis in women using depot medroxyprogesterone acetate and other related progestins.

Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective population-based cohort study used data from TriNetX, a US national database of 68 health care organizations. Data were analyzed from December 2004 to December 2024. The incidence of meningioma diagnosis was compared between treatment groups through propensity-score matched analyses. Participants included a sample of females with use of only 1 of the following progestins/contraceptives: depot medroxyprogesterone acetate, oral medroxyprogesterone acetate, combined oral contraceptives, intrauterine devices, progestin only pills, or subdermal implantable contraceptive. The control group included females without use of these hormonal treatments. Of the 118 289 082 total patients in TriNetX at the time of analysis, 61 588 239 patients were female and eligible.

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