Lifeboat Foundation

A new radiation-based mechanism adds to the ways that amino acids could have been made in space and brought to the young Earth.

Seneb was a high-ranking court official in ancient Egypt who lived around 2,520 BC. He was a dwarf, but this did not prevent him from achieving great success and importance in society.

He owned thousands of cattle, held twenty palaces and religious titles, and was married to a high-ranking priestess with whom he had three children.

The acceptance and integration of individuals with physical disabilities was valued in ancient Egyptian society, as demonstrated by Seneb’s successful career and lavish burial arrangements.

Many cancer cells never leave their original tumors. Some cancer cells evolve the ability to migrate to other tissues, but once there cannot manage to form new tumors, and so remain dormant. The deadliest cancer cells are those that can not only migrate to, but also thrive and multiply in distant tissues.

These metastatic cancer cells are responsible for most of the deaths associated with cancer. Understanding what enables some cancer cells to metastasize—to spread and form new tumors—is an important goal for researchers, as it will help them develop therapies to prevent or reverse those deadly occurrences.

Past research from Whitehead Institute Member Robert Weinberg and others suggests that cancer cells are best able to form metastatic tumors when the cells are in a particular state called the quasi-mesenchymal (qM) state. New research from Weinberg and Arthur Lambert, once a postdoc in Weinberg’s lab and now an associate director of translational medicine at AstraZeneca, has identified two gene-regulating molecules as important for keeping cancer cells in the qM state.

Immunotherapy, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), has changed the landscape of cancer treatment in the last decade. Immunotherapies, treatments targeting a patient’s immune system instead of the cancer itself, work on cancers considered “hot,” indicating that the tumor contains immune cells and factors which favor an anti-tumor immune response. Cancers that respond to immune-based therapies are known as “immunogenic” since the treatment can stimulate the immune response.

On the other hand, “cold” cancers, characterized as “non-immunogenic,” fail to respond to immunotherapies. One cancer understood as refractory to immune-based regimens is pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), a highly aggressive pancreatic malignancy where less than 10% of patients survive five years past diagnosis. ICIs, including those targeting PD-L1 and CTLA-4 lack the efficacy to impact survival outcomes in PDAC patients significantly. Further, estimates project that by 2030, PDAC will rise to the second-highest cause of cancer-related deaths. Thus, there remains a significant need to develop novel and practical strategies to treat patients with this disease.

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What is the Drake Equation? We are talking about The Odds of ALIEN LIFE.
Is there life out there in the Universe?
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The rate of ground-breaking scientific discoveries and technological innovation is slowing down despite an ever-growing amount of knowledge, according to an analysis released Wednesday of millions of research papers and patents.

While previous research has shown downturns in individual disciplines, the study is the first that “emphatically, convincingly documents this decline of disruptiveness across all major fields of science and technology,” lead author Michael Park told AFP.

Park, a doctoral student at the University of Minnesota’s Carlson School of Management, called disruptive discoveries those that “break away from existing ideas” and “push the whole scientific field into new territory.”

It’s an early step forward and needs way more testing. But the potential is high. Cancer vaccines aren’t a new idea. They use the same fundamentals that enable vaccines for infectious pathogens like viruses and bacteria: priming our immune system into recognizing and attacking something that’s harmful to our bodies.

Nuclear morphology changes with aging, but the role of these changes and the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. The authors find that the nuclear envelope anchor protein ANC-1 in worms, and its counterpart nesprin-1 and nesprin-2 in mammals, promotes the degradation of nuclear components to limit nucleolar size and function in a soma longevity and germline immortality mechanism.