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Why do we need linear algebra in Quantum mechanics? |Maths of quantum mechanics

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The DESI legacy imaging survey releases the largest 2D map of the universe

In 2012, the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) was commissioned to measure the effect of dark energy, the mysterious force driving the expansion of the cosmos. Since then, the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys have obtained optical images of tens of millions of galaxies and quasars, including through NOIRLab’s Nicholas U. Mayall 4-meter Telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory (KPNO). In recent news, the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys team made its 11th data release (DR 11), constituting the largest-ever 2D map of the universe.

Long AI conversations reveal misinformation vulnerabilities across seven leading chatbots

The results are in: Which AI model is the most fallible? Persuadable? Correctible? University of Arizona researchers assessed seven different generative AI large language models, or LLMs, for these three qualities during lengthy conversations. Their work, published in Nature’s Scientific Reports, reveals intrinsic limitations that might go undetected during one-off interactions.

Life uses 4 DNA letters. Scientists just made 8 work

Researchers at UC San Diego have demonstrated that a key cellular enzyme can accurately read an eight-letter genetic alphabet, doubling the four letters used by all known life on Earth. Detailed imaging revealed that RNA polymerase handles synthetic DNA letters in surprisingly similar ways to natural ones. The finding brings scientists closer to building expanded genetic systems that could perform entirely new biological functions.

Lost quantum traces could reveal dark matter at the Large Hadron Collider

Particle collisions are inherently quantum, but much of that character is lost when we turn them into classical data. Sarah Alam Malik explores whether preserving more of it could help us spot signs of dark matter and other new physics

Robotic lab sets up and runs optics experiments on demand

Every new generation of phone display, television screen and solar panel is the result of precision optics experiments, which use lasers and other light sources to measure the optical properties of candidate materials. These experiments can take months to run, requiring scientists to meticulously angle and adjust delicate light sources, mirrors, cameras and other components in a process of careful, constant tuning that can be physically tedious and time-consuming.

But MIT scientists say the whole process of building and running an optics experiment could one day be fully automated. Taking a step toward such a future, they have developed a reconfigurable robotic optics laboratory.

The new robotic lab autonomously assembles standard optical components into desired configurations. It can then tune the angle and position of mirrors and lenses with micron-scale precision to produce beams of light with specific properties. The system can also safely dismantle an experiment and reassemble the parts into an entirely new setup.

Real-time quantum jump in sound observed for first time

A Stanford team has documented the first direct observation of quantum jumps of sound in a mechanical resonator, completing an arc of scientific exploration that started more than 100 years ago.

Quantum jumps—sudden transitions from one energy state to another—have been theorized since the early 1900s. Scientists first demonstrated these jumps in trapped ions in 1986 and later in photons, the fundamental particles of light, in 2007. Observing quantum jumps of sound had remained elusive, but a team led by Stanford physicist Amir Safavi-Naeini has recorded these phenomena, publishing the findings in the journal Science.

“What this study shows will allow us to move forward with developing new quantum technologies with sound,” said Safavi-Naeini, associate professor of applied physics in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “We have seen that vibrating objects can exhibit quantum behavior, which is the prerequisite for many of the operations needed by quantum computing and sensing.”

New benchmark puts quantum computers to the test and reveals their limitations

Quantum computers are no longer theoretical concepts. Today, they are being developed to tackle a range of complex problems, including exploring financial risk, modeling complex molecules and optimizing massive logistics networks. However, until now, there has been no way to benchmark the computational power of different systems on the same scale to see how they compare.

A team led by Sandia National Laboratories in the U.S. has devised a universal testing standard that provides an apples-to-apples performance measure. They put Google, IBM and Quantinuum hardware through the benchmark and not only found significant gaps between them but also discovered that current systems were still miles away from solving real-world problems.

The team calls its test Quantum Universal Operation Performance System, or QUOPS for short. It is designed to measure the size of the largest computationally relevant quantum circuits a quantum computer can successfully run, as well as the speed at which it can complete those operations.

A finely tuned mess—how disorder can make networks more stable

Perfection is overrated—at least when it comes to complex systems like the power grid, food webs and advanced materials. For decades, scientists generally assumed that networks function most reliably when their individual components are as similar as possible. But real-world networks are rarely uniform.

Generators in a power grid, neurons in a brain, animals in a food web and components in a material all differ in ways that scientists traditionally treated as imperfections.

Now, Northwestern University physicists are overturning that long-held assumption.

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