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JUNO completes liquid filling and begins taking data to investigate ordering of neutrino masses

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) has successfully completed filling its 20,000-tons liquid scintillator detector and began taking data on Aug. 26.

After more than a decade of preparation and construction, JUNO is the first of a new generation of very large neutrino experiments to reach this stage. Initial trial operations and data taking show that met or exceeded design expectations, enabling JUNO to tackle one of this decade’s major open questions in particle physics: the ordering of neutrino masses—whether the third mass state (ν₃) is heavier than the second (ν₂).

Prof. Wang Yifang, a researcher at the Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and JUNO spokesperson, said, “Completing the filling of the JUNO detector and starting data taking marks a historic milestone. For the first time, we have in operation a detector of this scale and precision dedicated to neutrinos. JUNO will allow us to answer fundamental questions about the nature of matter and the universe.”

Research into stability of foams finds a valuable test subject in a tall glass of beer

Beer is one of the world’s most popular drinks, and one of the clearest signs of a good brew is a big head of foam at the top of a poured glass. Even brewers will use the quality of foam as an indicator of a beer having completed the fermentation process. However, despite its importance, what makes a large, stable foam is not entirely understood.

In Physics of Fluids, researchers from ETH Zurich and Eindhoven University of Technology investigated the stability of foams, examining multiple types of beer at different stages of the .

Like any other foam, beer foam is made of many small bubbles of air, separated from each other by of liquid. These thin films must remain stable, or the bubbles will pop, and the foam will collapse. What holds these thin films together may be conglomerates of proteins, surface viscosity, or the presence of surfactants, which are molecules that can reduce and are found in soaps and detergents.

Quantum memory array brings us closer to a quantum RAM

The internet, social media, and digital technologies have completely transformed the way we establish commercial, personal and professional relationships. At its core, this society relies on the exchange of information that is expressed in terms of bits. This basic unit of information can be either a 0 or a 1, and it is usually represented in electrical circuits, for instance, as two voltage levels (one representing the bit in state 0 and the other representing state 1).

The ability to store and manipulate bits efficiently lays the basis of digital electronics and enables modern devices to perform a variety of tasks, ranging from sending emails and playing music to numerical simulations. These processes are only possible thanks to key hardware components like random-access memory (RAM), which offer temporary storage and on-demand retrieval of data.

In parallel, advances in have led to a new kind of information unit: the . Unlike classical bits, which are strictly 0 or 1, qubits can exist in a superposition of both states at once. This opens up new possibilities for processing and storing information, although its practical implications are still being explored.

Sneaky swirls: ‘Hidden’ vortices could influence how soil and snow move

Researchers have shown for the first time how hidden motions could control how granular materials such as soil and snow slip and slide, confirming a long-suspected hypothesis. The knowledge could help in understanding how landslides and avalanches work and even help the construction industry in the future.

Revolutionary Cortisol Test Lets You “See” Stress With a Smartphone Camera

A protein-based biosensor measures cortisol with high accuracy. Smartphone compatibility makes stress testing more accessible. Cortisol plays a key role in regulating essential body functions such as blood pressure and metabolism, and disruptions in this stress hormone can contribute to a variety

First-Ever Treatment for Rare Eye Disease Wins FDA Approval After Landmark Trials

Phase 3 clinical trial results from Scripps Research and its collaborators supported FDA approval of ENCELTO, the first cell-based treatment for the neurodegenerative retinal disease known as MacTel. For individuals with macular telangiectasia type 2 (MacTel), a rare retinal disease that steadily

New Sni5Gect Attack Crashes Phones and Downgrades 5G to 4G without Rogue Base Station

“As opposed to using a rogue base station, which limits the practicality of many 5G attacks, SNI5GECT acts as a third-party in the communication, silently sniffs messages, and tracks the protocol state by decoding the sniffed messages during the UE attach procedure,” the researchers said. “The state information is then used to inject a targeted attack payload in downlink communication.”

The findings build upon a prior study from ASSET in late 2023 that led to the discovery of 14 flaws in the firmware implementation of 5G mobile network modems from MediaTek and Qualcomm, collectively dubbed 5Ghoul, that could be exploited to launch attacks to drop connections, freeze the connection that involves manual reboot, or downgrade the 5G connectivity to 4G.

The Sni5Gect attacks are designed to passively sniff messages during the initial connection process, decode the message content in real-time, and then leverage the decoded message content to inject targeted attack payloads.

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