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AI Expert Says AGI Will Arrive December 2024
Alan Thompson is an AI expert who is closely tracking progress to AGI.
His definition is:
Artificial general intelligence (AGI) is a machine capable of understanding the world as well as—or better than—any human, in practically every field, including the ability to interact with the world via physical embodiment.
Fabrication of mechanochromic gallium nanostructures by capillary interactions
A process that leverages capillary interactions between oligomers in an elastomeric polydimethylsiloxane substrate and deposited Ga enables the formation of Ga nanodroplets with nanoscale gaps in a single step. Gap-plasmon resonances excited within the nanogaps give rise to structural colours that can be tuned by changing the oligomer content in the substrate or by mechanical stretching.
Exploring the Future of Computing: Neuromorphic Engineering
Understanding Neuromorphic Engineering.
Neuromorphic Engineering draws inspiration from the human brain’s architecture and functioning, aiming to create electronic systems that mimic the brain’s ability to process information in a parallel, energy-efficient, and adaptable manner. Unlike traditional computing, which relies on sequential processing, neuromorphic systems leverage neural networks to enable faster and more efficient computation.
Mimicking the Human Brain.
The topology of interpersonal neural network in weak social ties
Kurihara, Y., Takahashi, T. & Osu, R. The topology of interpersonal neural network in weak social ties. Sci Rep 14, 4,961 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-55495-7
Limitations of Linear Cross-Entropy as a Measure for Quantum Advantage
Popular Summary.
Unequivocally demonstrating that a quantum computer can significantly outperform any existing classical computers will be a milestone in quantum science and technology. Recently, groups at Google and at the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) announced that they have achieved such quantum computational advantages. The central quantity of interest behind their claims is the linear cross-entropy benchmark (XEB), which has been claimed and used to approximate the fidelity of their quantum experiments and to certify the correctness of their computation results. However, such claims rely on several assumptions, some of which are implicitly assumed. Hence, it is critical to understand when and how XEB can be used for quantum advantage experiments. By combining various tools from computer science, statistical physics, and quantum information, we critically examine the properties of XEB and show that XEB bears several intrinsic vulnerabilities, limiting its utility as a benchmark for quantum advantage.
Concretely, we introduce a novel framework to identify and exploit several vulnerabilities of XEB, which leads to an efficient classical algorithm getting comparable XEB values to Google’s and USTC’s quantum devices (2% 12% of theirs) with just one GPU within 2 s. Furthermore, its performance features better scaling with the system size than that of a noisy quantum device. We observe that this is made possible because the XEB can highly overestimate the fidelity, which implies the existence of “shortcuts” to achieve high XEB values without simulating the system. This is in contrast to the intuition of the hardness of achieving high XEB values by all possible classical algorithms.
Molecularly defined electrodes host a concert of protons and electrons
Electrocatalytic transformations often involve the concerted transfer of electrons and protons at electrode interfaces; however, these processes are not well understood. Now, experiments on an electrode that features well-defined molecular sites deepen fundamental understanding of such transfers to pave the way for future catalysts.
In vivo biomolecule corona and the transformation of a foe into an ally for nanomedicine
Nanoparticles (NPs) administered in the human body will undergo rapid surface modification upon contact with biological fluids driven by their interfacial interaction with a diverse range of biomolecules. Such spontaneous self-assembly and adsorption of proteins and other biomolecules onto the NP surface constitute what is commonly known as the protein or biomolecule corona. This surface biotransformation of the NPs modulates their biological interactions and impact on physiological systems and can influence their overall pharmacological profile. Here, we comment on how the initially considered ‘nuisance’ of the in vivo corona formation can now be considered a nanoparticle engineering tool for biomedical use, such as in endogenous tissue targeting, personalized biomarker discovery and immunomodulation.
Designing organic mixed conductors for electrochemical transistor applications
The organic electrochemical transistor (OECT), with its organic mixed ionic–electronic conductor (OMIEC) channel, serves as an amplifying transducer of biological signals. This Review highlights OMIEC design milestones and illustrates how incorporating specific properties into OMIECs can extend OECT applications beyond biosensing.
A new theoretical development clarifies water’s electronic structure
There is no doubt that water is significant. Without it, life would never have begun, let alone continue today—not to mention its role in the environment itself, with oceans covering over 70% of Earth.
But despite its ubiquity, liquid water features some electronic intricacies that have long puzzled scientists in chemistry, physics, and technology. For example, the electron affinity, i.e., the energy stabilization undergone by a free electron when captured by water, has remained poorly characterized from an experimental point of view.
Even today’s most accurate electronic structure theory has been unable to clarify the picture, which means that important physical quantities like the energy at which electrons from external sources can be injected in liquid water remain elusive. These properties are crucial for understanding the behavior of electrons in water and could play a role in biological systems, environmental cycles, and technological applications like solar energy conversion.