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Blog – Page 2428

Zero-knowledge proof (ZKP) is a cryptographic tool that allows for the verification of validity between mutually untrusted parties without disclosing additional information. Non-interactive zero-knowledge proof (NIZKP) is a variant of ZKP with the feature of not requiring multiple information exchanges. Therefore, NIZKP is widely used in the fields of digital signature, blockchain, and identity authentication.

Since it is difficult to implement a true random number generator, deterministic pseudorandom number algorithms are often used as a substitute. However, this method has potential security vulnerabilities. Therefore, how to obtain true random numbers has become the key to improving the security of NIZKP.

In a study published in PNAS, a research team led by Prof. Pan Jianwei and Prof. Zhang Qiang from the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the collaborators, realized a set of random number beacon public services with device-independent quantum as entropy sources and post-quantum cryptography as identity authentication.

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Artificial general intelligence, or AGI, has become a much-abused buzzword in the AI industry. Now, Google DeepMind wants to put the idea on a firmer footing.

The concept at the heart of the term AGI is that a hallmark of human intelligence is its generality. While specialist computer programs might easily outperform us at picking stocks or translating French to German, our superpower is the fact we can learn to do both.

Recreating this kind of flexibility in machines is the holy grail for many AI researchers, and is often speculated to be the first step towards artificial superintelligence. But what exactly people mean by AGI is rarely specified, and the idea is frequently described in binary terms, where AGI represents a piece of software that has crossed some mythical boundary, and once on the other side, it’s on par with humans.

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Last year Swiss Re and Waymo launched a research partnership to define a standard for assessing the risk of autonomous vehicles. One year after that announcement, they are publishing a study that uses real-world data to compare the safety performance of autonomous vs human-driven vehicles. Notably, this is the first time that a robust and significant liability claims dataset is being used to compare the safety performance of autonomous and human drivers.

In fact, Swiss Re was able to produce mileage-and zip-code-calibrated (human driver) private passenger vehicle baselines, against which Waymo’s third party liability insurance claims data were compared. Swiss Re’s baselines, for the specific areas considered, are extremely significant, as they come from over 600,000 claims and over 125 billion miles of exposure.

The results of the research are exciting both for the insurance industry and the safety community alike: in over 3.8 million miles driven without a human being behind the steering wheel in rider-only mode, the Waymo Driver (Waymo’s fully autonomous driving technology) incurred zero bodily injury claims in comparison with the human driver baseline of 1.11 claims per million miles. The Waymo Driver also significantly reduced property damage claims to 0.78 claims per million miles in comparison with the human driver baseline of 3.26 claims per million miles.

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Backlash on using AI to redub video game lines.

Naruto’s latest fighting game faces criticism for some questionable voiceover lines, leading to accusations of AI manipulation.

Naruto X Boruto: Ultimate Ninja Storm Connections is the newest brawler based on the hugely popular anime series (which itself adapts the hugely popular manga). Rather than purely adapting one part of the anime, however, Naruto X Boruto skims through almost the entire saga and adapts events already covered in previous games. But when comparing the new game’s dub to those previous entries, fans have been left confused.

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A research team led by Prof. Chen Wei from the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) designed a rechargeable hydrogen-chlorine (H2-Cl2) battery that can operate in temperatures ranging from −70°C to 40°C. The study was published in Journal of the American Chemical Society as the cover article.

Hydrogen fuel cells are a promising technology valuable for their sustainability and the abundance of hydrogen, among which H2-Cl2 fuel cells stand out due to fast electrochemical kinetics, high redox potential and high specific capacity of Cl2/Cl- redox couple. However, the volatile chlorine gas cannot be retained during the charging process, resulting in poor Coulombic efficiency (CE) and reversibility. There is an urgent need to develop aqueous chlorine batteries with and applicability at different temperatures.

The research team first discovered that due to the lack of binding sites with strong affinity to Cl2, traditional adsorptive cathodes have difficulty immobilizing Cl2, causing low reversibility. To tackle this problem, the team designed a hierarchically porous carbon composed of highly micro-/mesoporous carbon (HPC) and macroporous carbon felt (CF), effectively confining the Cl2 on the cathode and improving the reversibility.

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