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Study investigates the transcriptomic changes in human vascular smooth muscle cells exposed to spaceflight, revealing significant alterations in gene expression affecting cellular function and phenotype.
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The effects of aging on the immune system
The aging immune system is associated with reduced lymphopoiesis, increased inflammation, and myeloid diseases due to alterations in self-renewing HSCs. During childhood, bal-HSCs predominate, thereby facilitating lymphopoiesis and adaptive immune responses.
Age increases my-HSCs, which reduces lymphopoiesis and enhances myelopoiesis. Myeloid-HSC origin and possible interconversions are unclear; however, removing my-HSCs in aged mice may reverse the aging phenotype.
Alzheimerâs is the most common form of dementia, affecting an estimated 6.7 million people in the US. Researchers seeking an effective treatment for the affliction have, over the last 30 years, focused their efforts on a protein known as amyloid beta (A-beta), which form clumps in the brain.
These clumps of A-beta proteins attack nerve cells, resulting initially in short-term memory impairment and later in the loss of judgment, language and thought processes.
Other researchers have previously developed an antibody which can identify and attach itself to A-beta proteins and delay the progression of Alzheimerâs in patients with early-to-mild cognitive impairment by up to 36%.
Computer simulations are giving us new insight into the riotous behavior of cannibal neutron stars.
When a neutron star slurps up material from a close binary companion, the unstable thermonuclear burning of that accumulated material can produce a wild explosion that sends X-radiation bursting across the Universe.
How exactly these powerful eruptions evolve and spread across the surface of a neutron star is something of a mystery. But by trying to replicate the observed X-ray flares using simulations, scientists are learning more about their ins and outs â as well as the ultra-dense neutron stars that produce them.
The survival of neurons, unlike most other cells in the body, depends largely on the energy provided by mitochondria, intracellular organelles that contain their DNA to function properly.
Vidmantas Ć akalys explains how laser technology is advancing bioprinting and opening up new possibilities in regenerative medicine.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) appears to relieve depression by correcting brain signals that are traveling the wrong direction.
Diodes, also known as rectifiers, are a basic component of modern electronics. As we work to create smaller, more powerful and more energy-efficient electronic devices, reducing the size of diodes is a major objective. Recently, a research team from the University of Georgia developed the worldâs smallest diode using a single DNA molecule. This diode is so small that it cannot be seen by conventional microscopes.
A diode is an electrical device that allows current to move through it in one direction much more easily than the other. No diode prevents 100% of current flow in one direction while allowing unlimited current in the other directionâin reality, a diode will always allow some current in both the âforwardâ and âbackwardâ directions. The larger the imbalance favoring the âforwardâ direction, however, the better diode we have. Diodes are responsible for controlling the current in many common electronic components. Millions of diodes are embedded in a single silicon chip, and to increase the processing power of these chips, the diodes need to be made smaller.
Following a prediction originally made in 1965 by Intel co-founder Gordon Moore, now known as Mooreâs law, scientists and engineers have been able to make smaller and smaller computer hardware by doubling the number of electronic components in a silicon chip every 18 months. These improvements in computing power are approaching the physical limits of silicon, however; when silicon components are too small, they will become unstable and their performance unpredictable.
This H+ Roundtable features Anders Sandberg and Francesca Minerva in a discussion on Brain Enhancements and Rights. The event took place on March 14, 2021.
The H+ Academy is an opportunity to face the worldâs issues with leading thinkers of AI, Philosophy, Economics, Science and the Arts.
