Lifeboat Foundation: Safeguarding Humanity
Toggle light / dark theme

Blog – Page 2011

Evolutionary biologists at Johns Hopkins Medicine report they have combined PET scans of modern pigeons along with studies of dinosaur fossils to help answer an enduring question in biology: How did the brains of birds evolve to enable them to fly?

The answer, they say, appears to be an adaptive increase in the size of the cerebellum in some fossil vertebrates. The cerebellum is a brain region responsible for movement and motor control.

The research findings are published in the Jan. 31 issue of the Proceedings of the Royal Society B.

Read more | >

How can back-to-back atmospheric rivers impact the economy? This is what a recent study published in Science Advances hopes to address as a team of researchers led by Stanford University investigates the economic toll of back-to-back atmospheric rivers compared to single events. This study holds the potential to help scientists, the public, and city planners better prepare for atmospheric rivers, as they can cause widespread flooding in short periods of time.

For the study, the researchers analyzed data from the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, version 2, (MERRA-2) between 1981 and 2021 and computer algorithms to ascertain the economic impact of atmospheric rivers throughout California. The goal was to ascertain how much worse back-to-back atmospheric rivers were compared to single events. The study’s findings discovered that back-to-back atmospheric rivers caused three times greater economic damage than single events, which is also higher when the first atmospheric river exhibits greater strength.

“Our work really shows that we need to consider the likelihood for multiple, back-to-back events for predicting damages, because damage from multiple events could be far worse than from one event alone,” said Dr. Katy Serafin, who is a coastal scientists and assistant professor in the Department of Geography at the University of Florida and a co-author on the study.

Read more | >

Would social robots speaking in a familiar accent or dialect enable you to trust them more, or perhaps perceive them to be smarter? This is what a recent study published in Frontiers in Robotics and AI hopes to address as a team of researchers led by the University of Potsdam in Germany investigated how a social robot’s dialect using a Nao robot impacted its interaction with a human counterpart. This study holds the potential to help scientists and the public better understand behavioral and social norms between humans and robots, especially with the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) around the world.

For the study, the researchers conducted a survey-based study with 120 German native speakers who lived either in Berlin or Brandenburg to determine their satisfaction level with a Nao robot speaking German in a Berlin accent, the latter of which is considered working-class and informal accent in Germany. The participants were asked to watch a video of the Nao robot and fill out the questionnaire regarding if they trusted or found the Nao robot to be smarter with the Berlin dialect. In the end, the researchers found a positive correlation between participants who spoke with a Berlin dialect and the Berlin-dialect Nao robot.

“If you’re good at speaking a dialect, you’re more likely to trust a robot that talks the same way,” said Katherine Kühne, who is a PhD student at the University of Potsdam and lead author of the study. “It seems people trust the robot more because they find a similarity.”

Read more | >

Plasmonics are special optical phenomena that are understood as interactions between light and matter and possess diverse shapes, material compositions, and symmetry-related behavior. The design of such plasmonic structures at the nanoscale level can pave the way for optical materials that respond to the orientation of light (polarization), which is not easily achievable in bulk size and existing materials.

In this regard, “shadow growth” is a technique that utilizes vacuum deposition to produce nanoparticles from a wide range of 2D and 3D shapes at nanoscale. Recent research progress in controlling this shadow effect has broadened the possibilities for the creation of different nanostructures.

Now, in twin studies led by Assistant Professor Hyeon-Ho Jeong from the Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Republic of Korea, researchers have comprehensively shed light on the recent advances in shadow growth techniques for hybrid plasmonic nanomaterials, including clock-inspired designs containing magnesium (Mg).

Read more | >