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There are a multitude of products for sale that promise the appearance of eternal youth by erasing wrinkles or firming up jaw lines; but what if we could truly turn back time, at the cellular level? Now, researchers from Japan have found a protein that may do just that.

In a study published this month in Cellular Signaling, researchers from Osaka University have revealed that a key protein is responsible for toggling between ‘young’ and ‘old’ cell states.

As we age, older, fewer active cells, known as senescent cells, accumulate in multiple organs. These cells are noticeably larger than younger cells, and exhibit altered organization of stress fibers, the structural parts of cells that help them move and interact with their environment.

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Humanity can farm more food from the seas to help feed the planet while shrinking mariculture’s negative impacts on biodiversity, according to new research led by the University of Michigan.

There is a catch, though: We need to be strategic about it.

The findings are published in the journal Nature Ecology & Evolution.

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It has puzzled scientists for years whether and how bacteria, that live from dissolved organic matter in marine waters, can carry out N2 fixation. It was assumed that the high levels of oxygen combined with the low amount of dissolved organic matter in the marine water column would prevent the anaerobic and energy consuming N2 fixation.

Already in the 1980s it was suggested that aggregates, so-called “marine snow particles,” could possibly be suitable sites for N2 fixation, and this was recently confirmed. Still, it has been an open question why the carrying out this N2 fixation can be found worldwide in the ocean. Moreover, the global magnitude and the distribution of the activity have been unknown… until now.

In a new study, researchers from the Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research in Germany, Technical University of Denmark, and the University of Copenhagen demonstrate, by use of mechanistic mathematical models, that bacteria attached to marine snow particles can fix N2 over a wide range of temperatures in the global oceans, from the tropics to the poles, and from the surface to the abyss.

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Tech giant Microsoft unveiled a new computer chip on Wednesday that it says could transform everything from fighting pollution to developing new medicines, joining Google and IBM in arguing that the promise of quantum computing is closer to reality.

The US-made , called Majorana 1, can fit in the palm of a hand but packs a revolutionary design that Microsoft believes will solve one of the biggest challenges in quantum computing—making these super-powerful machines reliable enough for real-world use.

“We took a fresh approach and basically reinvented how quantum computers could work,” said Chetan Nayak, a senior scientist at Microsoft.

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Introducing a breakthrough in quantum computing. The Majorana 1 chip. An approach that ignores the limitations of current models to unleash the power of millions of potential qubits all working together to solve unsolvable challenges in creating new medicines, entirely new materials, and helping our natural world. All on a single chip.

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Microsoft announced a major milestone in its quantum computing efforts on Wednesday, unveiling its first quantum computing chip, called Majorana 1. Jason Zander, Microsoft’s executive VP of strategic missions and technologies explains this breakthrough and how it gets quantum computing technology closer to real world applications. Zander speaks to Bloomberg Technology’s Jackie Davalos.
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Hear from the Microsoft team behind the recent breakthrough in physics and quantum computing demonstrated by the new Majorana 1 chip, engineered from an entirely new material that has the potential to scale to millions of qubits on a single chip. Find out what is possible…

Chapters:
0:00 — Introducing Majorana 1
1:26 — Why does quantum computing matter?
2:47 — Qubits, the building blocks of quantum computing.
5:05 — Understanding the topological state.
7:00 — How the Majorana 1 chip works.
9:10 — How quantum and classical computing work together.
10:13 — The Quantum Age.

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For more about Microsoft, our technology, and our mission, visit https://aka.ms/microsoftstories

Continue reading “Majorana 1 Explained: The Path to a Million Qubits” | >

Superconductivity is a widely sought after material property, which entails an electrical resistance of zero below a specific critical temperature. So far, it has been observed in various materials, including recently in so-called multilayer graphene allotropes (i.e., materials that consist of several layers of a hexagonal carbon lattice).

Recent studies found that when bilayer graphene is placed on a WSe2 (tungsten-diselenide) substrate, its superconducting phase is enhanced. This results in a greater charge carrier density and higher (i.e., the temperature at which a material becomes a superconductor).

Researchers at University of California at Santa Barbara and California Institute of Technology have carried out a study aimed at further investigating this enhancement in the graphite allotrope Bernal bilayer graphene. Their paper, published in Nature Physics, reports the observation of two distinct superconducting states in this material, challenging current models of electron pairing in graphite allotropes.

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Isolated by mountains along the East African Rift is Lake Tanganyika. More than 400 miles long, it is the continent’s deepest lake and accounts for 16% of the world’s available freshwater. Between 2 and 3 million years ago, the number of virus species infecting fish in that immense lake exploded, and in a new study, UC Santa Cruz researchers propose that this explosion was perhaps triggered by the explosion of a distant star.

The new paper published in The Astrophysical Journal Letters, led by recent undergraduate student Caitlyn Nojiri and co-authored by astronomy and astrophysics professor Enrico Ramirez-Ruiz and postdoctoral fellow Noémie Globus, examined iron isotopes to identify a 2.5 million-year-old supernova.

The researchers connected this stellar explosion to a surge of radiation that pummeled Earth around the same time, and they assert that the blast was powerful enough to break the DNA of living creatures—possibly driving those viruses in Lake Tanganyika to mutate into new species.

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Electrons oscillate around the nucleus of an atom on extremely short timescales, typically completing a cycle in just a few hundred attoseconds. Because of their ultrafast motions, directly observing electron behavior in molecules has been challenging. Now researchers from UC San Diego’s Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry have suggested a new method to make visualizing electron motion a reality.

This new method describes an experimental concept called ultrafast vortex electron diffraction, which allows for direct visualization of electron movement in molecules on attosecond timescales. The paper is published in the journal Physical Review Letters.

The key idea behind this approach is the use of a specialized electron beam that spirals as it travels, enabling precise tracking of electron motion in both space and time. This method is especially sensitive to electronic coherence, where electrons move in a synchronized, harmonious manner.

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