Scientific milestone.
Abstract: We propose a method to determine whether a given article was written entirely by a generative language model or perhaps contains edits by a different author, possibly a human. Our process involves multiple tests for the origin of individual sentences or other pieces of text and combining these tests using a method sensitive to alternatives in which non-null effects are few and scattered across the text in unknown locations. Interestingly, this method is also useful for identifying pieces of text suspected to contain edits. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the method in detecting edits through extensive evaluations using real data and provide an analysis of the factors affecting its success. In particular, we discuss optimality properties under a theoretical framework for text editing saying that sentences are generated mainly by the language model, except perhaps for a few sentences that might have originated via a different mechanism. Our analysis raises several interesting research questions at the intersection of information theory and data science.
Learn about the groundbreaking $1 bandage that generates its own electrical field to accelerate healing of chronic wounds. Find out more!
Potent in vivo gene editing in skeletal muscle of non-human primates by a novel, ultracompact CRISPR system delivered via a single AAV vector.
‘Earth factory’ method cooks up clean fertilizer underground.
In the 1980s, well diggers in Mali, West Africa uncovered an unusual geological phenomenon: a well streaming with hydrogen gas, which scientists traced back to chemical reactions between water and rock occurring deep within the Earth. Now, researchers are harnessing our planet’s natural heat and pressure to cook up ammonia for fertilizer—potentially reducing the need for chemical plants powered by fossil fuels.
Ammonia, which is primarily used as a source for nitrogen fertilizer and also being considered for use as a green fuel, is the most widely produced chemical in the world today. Unfortunately, the standard method for making ammonia, known as the Haber-Bosch process, consumes enormous amounts of energy—making it a major source of greenhouse gas emissions. In fact, ammonia production is the chemical industry’s biggest greenhouse gas emitter.
A search for particles’ most paradoxical quantum states led researchers to construct a 37-dimensional experiment.
Researchers explored hydrogen forests and uncovered clues that may reveal hidden dark matter, potentially changing our understanding of the universe.
Quantum networks require quantum nodes that are built using quantum dots.
However, a new study impressively solves these challenges. The study authors successfully used 13,000 nuclear spins in a gallium arsenide (GaAs) quantum dot system to create a scalable quantum register.
Quantum networks require quantum nodes that are built using quantum dots — tiny particles, much smaller than a human hair, which can trap and control electrons, and store quantum information.
Quantum dots are valued for their ability to emit single photons because single-photon sources are key requirements for secure quantum communication and quantum computing applications.
A motif in antigen receptors maintains basal signaling of the small GTPase R-RAS2 in lymphocytes.
Chromatin, the mix of DNA and protein that houses each cell’s genome, is more resilient to aging than previously thought, suggests a study published in the Journal of the American Chemical Society by researchers at King’s College London.
Scientists believe this may reveal how the body can cope with the inevitable “wear-and-tear” of aging and where it may be more vulnerable to its effects, laying the groundwork for future anti-aging treatments throughout the body.
Proteins, much like the rest of the body, change when aging. This is especially the case for the histone proteins that make up chromatin, which may “live” for ~100 days before being replenished and replaced. During their lifetime, proteins are stretched and distorted, or experience processes that are similar to rusting. This damage results in naturally occurring chemical changes to the protein called post-translational modifications, or PTMs.