Lifeboat Foundation

Wearing sunscreen is important to protect your skin from the harmful effects of UV radiation but doesn’t cool people off. However, a new formula, described in Nano Letters, protects against both UV light and heat from the sun using radiative cooling. The prototype sunblock kept human skin up to 11 degrees Fahrenheit (6 degrees Celsius) cooler than bare skin, or around 6 °F (3 °C) cooler than existing sunscreens.

Radiative cooling involves either reflecting or radiating heat away from something, cooling whatever’s underneath. It is already used to create cooling fabrics and coatings that could both cool and heat homes, among other applications.

Some passive radiative cooling technologies rely on an ingredient called titanium dioxide (TiO₂) because the whitish substance reflects heat. TiO₂ particles are also used in mineral sunscreens to reflect UV light, but the particles aren’t the right size to produce a cooling effect. So, Rufan Zhang and colleagues wanted to tune the size of TiO₂ nanoparticles to create a sunscreen that works both as a UV protector and a radiative cooler.

The ATLAS collaboration at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) has released a new high-precision measurement of the lifetime of the electrically neutral beauty (B⁰) meson—a hadron composed of a bottom antiquark and a down quark.

Beauty (B) mesons are made up of two quarks, one of which is a bottom quark. Over the past decades, by studying B mesons, physicists have been able to examine rare and precisely predicted phenomena to gain insights into interactions mediated by the weak force and into the dynamics of heavy-quark bound states. The precise measurement of the B⁰ meson lifetime—the average time it exists before decaying into other particles—is of critical importance in this context.

The new ATLAS study of the B⁰ meson looked for the particle’s decay into an excited neutral kaon (K^*0) and a J/ψ meson. The J/ψ meson subsequently decays into a pair of muons while the K^*0 meson is studied through its decay into a charged pion and a charged kaon. The analysis is based on proton –proton collision data collected by the ATLAS detector during Run 2 of the LHC (2015–2018), amounting to an impressive data set of 140 inverse femtobarns (1 inverse femtobarn corresponds to approximately 100 trillion proton–proton collisions).

There’s a good chance you owe your existence to the Haber-Bosch process.

This industrial chemical reaction between hydrogen and nitrogen produces ammonia, the key ingredient in synthetic fertilizers that supply much of the world’s food supply and enabled the population explosion of the last century.

It may also threaten the existence of future generations. The process consumes about 2% of the world’s total energy supply, and the hydrogen required for the reaction mostly comes from fossil fuels.

Quantum technologies are radically transforming our understanding of the universe. One emerging technology is macroscopic mechanical oscillators, devices that are vital in quartz watches, mobile phones, and lasers used in telecommunications. In the quantum realm, macroscopic oscillators could enable ultra-sensitive sensors and components for quantum computing, opening new possibilities for innovation in various industries.

Controlling mechanical oscillators at the quantum level is essential for developing future technologies in quantum computing and ultra-precise sensing. But controlling them collectively is challenging, as it requires near-perfect units, i.e., identical.

Most research in quantum optomechanics has centered on single oscillators, demonstrating quantum phenomena like ground-state cooling and quantum squeezing. But this hasn’t been the case for collective quantum behavior, where many oscillators act as one. Although these collective dynamics are key to creating more powerful quantum systems, they demand exceptionally precise control over multiple oscillators with nearly identical properties.

Mechanical crystals, also known as phononic crystals, are materials that can control the propagation of vibrations or sound waves, just like photonic crystals control the flow of light. The introduction of defects in these crystals (i.e., intentional disruptions in their periodic structure) can give rise to mechanical modes within the band gap, enabling the confinement of mechanical waves to smaller regions or the materials—a feature that could be leveraged to create new technologies.

Researchers at McGill University recently realized a new mechanical crystal with an optically programmable defect mode. Their paper, published in Physical Review Letters, introduces a new approach to dynamically reprogram mechanical systems, which entails the use of an optical spring to transfer a mechanical mode into a crystal’s band gap.

“Some time ago, our group was thinking a lot about using an optical spring to partially levitate structures and improve their performance,” Jack C. Sankey, principal investigator and co-author of the paper, told Phys.org. “At the same time, we were watching the amazing breakthroughs in our field with mechanical devices that used the band gap of a phononic crystal to insulate mechanical systems from the noisy environment.”

A groundbreaking advancement in technology is paving the way for mobile phones and other electronic devices to recharge simply by being kept in a pocket. This innovative system enables wireless charging throughout three-dimensional (3D) spaces, encompassing walls, floors, and air.

On December 12, Professor Franklin Bien and his research team in the Department of Electrical Engineering at UNIST announced the creation of a revolutionary electric resonance-based wireless power transfer (ERWPT) system, marking a significant milestone in the field. This modern technology allows devices to charge virtually anywhere within a 3D environment, addressing the longstanding challenges associated with traditional magnetic resonance wireless power transfer (MRWPT) and offering a robust solution that enables efficient power transmission without the constraints of precise device positioning.

The paper is published in the journal Advanced Science.

Researchers at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and University of Maryland recently developed MyTimeMachine (MyTM), a new AI-powered method for personalized age transformation that can make human faces in images or videos appear younger or older, accounting for subjective factors influencing aging.

This algorithm, introduced in a paper posted to the arXiv preprint server, could be used to broaden or enhance the features of consumer-facing picture-editing platforms, but could also be a valuable tool for the film, TV and entertainment industries.

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In-plane magnetic fields are responsible for inducing anomalous Hall effect in EuCd₂Sb₂ films, report researchers from the Institute of Science Tokyo. By studying how these fields change electronic structures, the team discovered a large in-plane anomalous Hall effect.

These findings, published in Physical Review Letters on December 3, 2024, pave the way for new strategies for controlling electronic transport under magnetic fields, potentially advancing applications in magnetic sensors.

The Hall effect is a fundamental phenomenon in material science. It occurs when a material carrying an electric current is exposed to a magnetic field, producing a voltage perpendicular to both the current and the magnetic field. This effect has been extensively studied in materials under out-of-plane magnetic fields. However, research on how in-plane magnetic fields induce this phenomenon has been very limited.

UNSW engineers have developed and built a special maser system that boosts microwave signals—such as those from deep space—but does not need to be super-cooled.

They say that diamonds are a girl’s best friend—but that might also soon be true for astronomers and astrophysicists following the new research. The team of quantum experts have developed a device known as a maser which uses a specially created purple diamond to amplify weak microwave signals, such as those which can come from deep space.

Most importantly, their maser works at room temperature, whereas previous such devices needed to be super-cooled, at great expense, down to about minus 269°C.