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After multiple delays, billionaire Richard Branson’s Virgin Galactic is finally ready to begin commercial space flights — and you can snag a ticket for $450,000.

The background: In June 2021, Virgin Galactic became the first spaceline to secure permission from the FAA for commercial space flights, suggesting that it was pulling ahead of rivals Blue Origin and SpaceX in the space tourism arena.

While both of those companies planned to use rockets to send crewed capsules into space, Virgin Galactic’s idea was to put people in a spaceplane — a vehicle that can fly through Earth’s atmosphere like a plane, but also navigate space like a spacecraft.

Auteur: Dr.Nonthapat PULSIRI (La Chaire SIRIUS, France), sous la direction de Dr.Victor DOS SANTOS PAULINO (La Chaire SIRIUS, France)

Langue française vérifiée par MM. Julia GOUT, Institut Catholique de Toulouse

Remarque: Cet article est publié par “Tota Pulchra” au Vatican
Lien: https://totapulchra.news/art-chretien-exploration-spatiale/

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L’être humain est fascinant car il évolue au sein de la société. Cette évolution implique la croyance, la capacité d’adaptation, la résilience et la faculté de croître. De plus, une société bienveillante encouragera également le développement durable en contribuant à la construction de la civilisation et à la paix. Pendant ce temps, l’art est parallèlement en correspondance avec la civilisation humaine puisqu’il reflète et façonne les aspects culturels, sociaux et historiques des sociétés humaines à travers l’histoire.

Cependant, l’art est considéré comme une forme d’amour et de passion, à travers laquelle les artistes s’engagent dans la communication, exprimant leurs idées et perspectives qui résonnent avec leur état d’esprit du moment. Il illumine la progression de la civilisation humaine. Les origines des arts humains, particulièrement les peintures rupestres, remontent à l’époque préhistorique. Ces créations étaient profondément associées aux modes de vie, aux cultures et aux civilisations de cette époque. Parmi les exemples très connus sont inclus la grotte Chauvet en France, la grotte El Castillo en Espagne et la grotte de Bhimbetka en Inde (Fig. 1).

Fig 1: Grotte Chauvet — France (gauche), grotte El Castillo — Espagne (centre), et grotte de Bhimbetka — Inde (droite) / Sources: Ministère de la Culture de France, Science, Wikimedia commons

De plus, les récits théologiques et culturels du christianisme ont contribué à une variété de peintures chrétiennes captivantes, allant de l’art chrétien primitif jusqu’à nos jours. La période de l’art chrétien primitif (IIe au IVe siècle) a prospéré dans les catacombes de Rome et d’autres sites funéraires. Ces peintures-là étaient principalement symboliques et représentaient des scènes dans l’histoire de l’Ancien et du Nouveau Testament. Les peintres se concentraient également sur l’expression de la confiance et de l’espoir de manière discrète au milieu des défis de la persécution et de la mortalité. Ainsi, ces peintures vont au-delà de la simple imagination car elles agissent comme des moyens de communication pour les croyants, leur permettant de se consacrer et de professer leur confiance dans le christianisme. Les scènes peintes présentent aussi la vie de Jésus Christ, comme la nativité, l’enseignement, la crucifixion et la résurrection.

Fig 2. L’art chrétien primitif « Jésus Christ et les Apôtres » à Rome / Source: Wikimedia commons

Après cette période-là, le christianisme s’est tourné vers l’art byzantin (du IVe au XVe siècle) avec l’établissement du christianisme byzantin dans l’Empire Romain d’Orient. Un nouveau style artistique est apparu sous la forme de perspective plate et abstraite, avec des arrière-plans richement ornés et une utilisation extensive de feuilles d’or et de mosaïques pour transmettre les récits. Dans l’ensemble, les peintures influencées par le style byzantin dans le christianisme ne se limitent pas à l’esthétique, puisqu’elles englobent pareillement une connexion spirituelle avec Jésus Christ, la Vierge Marie et les saints, comme illustré sur Fig. 3.

SpaceX Starship 25 and Super Heavy booster 9 launched to orbit on Nov. 18, 2023 from the Starbase facility in South Texas. Following the launch, the booster had a Rapid Unplanned Disassembly (RUD) shortly after separation.

Starship consists of a first-stage booster called Super Heavy and an upper-stage spacecraft known (a bit confusingly) as Starship. Both of these elements are designed to be fully and rapidly reusable. SpaceX thinks the vehicle will make the settlement of Mars — a long-held dream of company founder and CEO Elon Musk — economically feasible in the not-too-distant future.

When fully stacked, Starship stands nearly 400 feet (122 meters) tall. It’s the biggest and most powerful rocket ever built.

Broadcast Courtesy: SpaceX

SpaceX is targeting Saturday for the second flight of Starship. The company has received regulatory approval for the flight. The flight will feature the newly added hot staging ring, allowing the Ship to separate from the Booster while the Booster engines are still firing. The stack features multiple upgrades compared to the first flight, including 63 upgrades SpaceX submitted to the FAA to mitigate issues from the first flight. Ahead of the launch, SpaceX will close the road, evacuate the village and surrounding area, and clear the potential blast radius.

Booster 9 will attempt a soft splashdown in the Gulf of Mexico, while Ship 25 will attempt to fly around the earth before performing a reentry and hard splashdown in the Hawaiian area.

Window Opens: November 18th at 7AM CST (13:00 UTC)
Window Closes: November 18th at 7:20AM CST (13:20 UTC)

Mission: Starship’s second fully integrated test flight.
Vehicles: Booster 9 and Ship 25
Recovery: No recovery. Booster will attempt soft splashdown, Ship will not and instead will impact the ocean.
Stats:
· SpaceX’s 85th launch of the year and the 6th launch of the month.
· SpaceX’s 2nd space launch from Starbase.
· Starship will, once again, become the largest, most massive, and most powerful rocket every created breaking its own record.

Forum link: https://forum.nasaspaceflight.com/index.php?topic=57219.0
SpaceX’s launch page: https://www.spacex.com/launches/mission/?missionId=starship-flight-2
NSF Starship merch: https://shop.nasaspaceflight.com/collections/starship-orbital-flight-test.
NSF Launch Article: https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/11/ift-2-launch/

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BERLIN — As SpaceX prepares for its next Starship test flight, a NASA official said that the use of that vehicle for Artemis lunar landings will require “in the high teens” of launches, a much higher number than what the company’s leadership has previously claimed.

In a presentation at a meeting of the NASA Advisory Council’s human exploration and operations committee Nov. 17, Lakiesha Hawkins, assistant deputy associate administrator in NASA’s Moon to Mars Program Office, said the company will have to perform Starship launches from both its current pad in Texas and one it is constructing at the Kennedy Space Center in order send a lander to the moon for Artemis 3.

SpaceX’s concept of operations for the Starship lunar lander it is developing for the Human Landing System (HLS) program requires multiple launches of the Starship/Super Heavy system. One launch will place a propellant depot into orbit, followed by multiple other launches of tanker versions of Starship, transferring methane and liquid oxygen propellants into the depot. That will be followed by the lander version of Starship, which will rendezvous with the depot and fill its tanks before going to the moon.

Sierra Space, one of the sector’s most valuable private companies, laid off several hundred employees and contractors this week, CNBC has learned.

A Sierra Space spokesperson confirmed the company let go of about 165 employees on Thursday, but declined to specify the number of contractors affected. Former Sierra Space employees told CNBC that the layoffs included a significant number of contractors, with the cuts including hundreds of personnel in total.

The laid-off employees received two weeks of paid non-working notice, plus four weeks of severance pay and health care benefits through the end of the year. Sierra Space had about 2,000 employees before reducing its workforce, the company spokesperson said.