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Archive for the ‘physics’ category: Page 23

Oct 8, 2023

AIs accurately predicted path of Hurricane Lee a week out

Posted by in categories: climatology, physics, robotics/AI, supercomputing

To make its weather predictions, it analyzes 60 million daily observations from satellite, aircraft, and ground-based reports, using what we know about atmospheric physics to determine what the weather is likely to be like across the globe over the next 15 days.

This can literally save lives — if people know in advance that hurricanes or winter storms are heading their way, they can take action to prepare — but because the model is so complex, it must be run on a supercomputer over the course of several hours, which also makes it expensive.

The AIs: AI-based weather forecasting models are starting to catch up with traditional ones, like the European Model.

Oct 7, 2023

Saturday Citations: Hippo maxillofacial issues; implicit biases in the game of kings; AI masters Street Fighter

Posted by in categories: cosmology, physics, robotics/AI

They announced the Nobel prizes this week! But did any of the recipients teach an AI to play Street Fighter? Here are a few of this week’s stories not yet lauded by international committees of scientists, but which we thought were pretty good:

Even if you think a galaxy is old enough to drink, you should probably go ahead and ask for ID before you serve them. The earliest galaxies in the universe captured by the James Webb Space Telescope appeared too bright, massive and way too old to have formed that soon after the Big Bang, presenting a problem for astronomers and their favorite model, the standard model of cosmology.

Recently, a team of physicists at Northwestern University used computer simulations to model galaxy formation after the Big Bang and demonstrate that (at least in the model universe) stars formed in bursts, producing light of enormously greater intensity than a modern galaxy like, say, Andromeda, where is steady and the number of stars gradually increases over time.

Oct 7, 2023

New ‘assembly theory’ unifies physics and biology to explain evolution and complexity

Posted by in categories: alien life, evolution, physics

An international team of researchers has developed a new theoretical framework that bridges physics and biology to provide a unified approach for understanding how complexity and evolution emerge in nature.

This new work on “assembly ,” published today in Nature, represents a major advance in our fundamental comprehension of biological evolution and how it is governed by the physical laws of the universe. The paper is titled “Assembly Theory Explains and Quantifies Selection and Evolution.”

This research builds on the team’s previous work developing assembly theory as an empirically validated approach to life detection, with implications for the search for and efforts to evolve new life forms in the laboratory.

Oct 6, 2023

Attoseconds Are Now Nobel-Prize Winning Physics. So What Are They?

Posted by in categories: chemistry, physics

The Nobel Physics Prize was awarded on Tuesday to three scientists for their work on attoseconds, which are almost unimaginably short periods of time.

Their work using lasers gives scientists a tool to observe and possibly even manipulate electrons, which could spur breakthroughs in fields such as electronics and chemistry, experts told AFP.

Attoseconds are a billionth of a billionth of a second.

Oct 6, 2023

Where Is the Rest of the Universe Hidden?

Posted by in categories: cosmology, physics

The universe is expanding, but why? Dark Energy might be the key in solving this mystery.
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Oct 6, 2023

The Impact of chatGPT talks (2023) — Capstone talk with Dr Stephen Wolfram (Wolfram Research)

Posted by in categories: education, physics

The Impact of chatGPT and other large language models on physics research and education (2023)
Event organizers: Kevin Burdge, Joshua Borrow, Mark Vogelsberger.
Session 3: “The use of large language models in teaching/administration”

Capstone talk: “LLMs for Physics, and Physics for LLMs“
Speaker: Dr Stephen Wolfram (Wolfram Research)

Oct 6, 2023

How purposeless physics underlies purposeful life

Posted by in categories: biological, physics

Radical theory explains how physics creates all biology’s complexity.

Oct 6, 2023

Laser-fusion experiment squeezes out even more energy

Posted by in categories: energy, physics

Physicists at the National Ignition Facility are learning how to better control crushingly violent “shots”.

Oct 5, 2023

Highest-energy pulsar ever seen could indicate new physics

Posted by in categories: energy, physics, space

The surprising detection of light 200 times more powerful than previous observations from the nearby pulsar Vela indicates hidden physics around dead stars.

Oct 4, 2023

AI is getting better at hurricane forecasting

Posted by in categories: climatology, physics, robotics/AI

Hurricane Lee wasn’t bothering anyone in early September, churning far out at sea somewhere between Africa and North America. A wall of high pressure stood in its westward path, poised to deflect the storm away from Florida and in a grand arc northeast. Heading where, exactly? It was 10 days out from the earliest possible landfall—eons in weather forecasting—but meteorologists at the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, or ECMWF, were watching closely. The tiniest uncertainties could make the difference between a rainy day in Scotland or serious trouble for the US Northeast.

Typically, weather forecasters would rely on models of atmospheric physics to make that call. This time, they had another tool: a new generation of AI-based weather models developed by chipmaker Nvidia, Chinese tech giant Huawei, and Google’s AI unit DeepMind.

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