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What If Humanity Is Among The First Spacefaring Civilizations?

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Half of the universe is filled with expansionist alien civilizations, and it’s only a matter of time before they’ll reach us. OK, that sounded a little sensationalist. But it’s also the conclusion of a recent astrophysics paper. Let’s see how they figure this, and whether we should take it seriously.

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Wow, A Simulation That Looks Like Reality! 🤯

❤️ Check out Lambda here and sign up for their GPU Cloud: https://lambdalabs.com/papers.

📝 My paper “The flow from simulation to reality” with clickable citations is available here:
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41567-022-01788-5
📝 Read it for free here! https://rdcu.be/cWPfD

❤️ Watch these videos in early access on our Patreon page or join us here on YouTube:
- https://www.patreon.com/TwoMinutePapers.
- https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCbfYPyITQ-7l4upoX8nvctg/join.

🙏 We would like to thank our generous Patreon supporters who make Two Minute Papers possible:
Aleksandr Mashrabov, Alex Balfanz, Alex Haro, Andrew Melnychuk, Benji Rabhan, Bryan Learn, B Shang, Christian Ahlin, Eric Martel, Geronimo Moralez, Gordon Child, Jace O’Brien, Jack Lukic, John Le, Jonas, Jonathan, Kenneth Davis, Klaus Busse, Kyle Davis, Lorin Atzberger, Lukas Biewald, Luke Dominique Warner, Matthew Allen Fisher, Michael Albrecht, Michael Tedder, Nevin Spoljaric, Nikhil Velpanur, Owen Campbell-Moore, Owen Skarpness, Rajarshi Nigam, Ramsey Elbasheer, Steef, Taras Bobrovytsky, Ted Johnson, Thomas Krcmar, Timothy Sum Hon Mun, Torsten Reil, Tybie Fitzhugh, Ueli Gallizzi.
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A 1,000,000,000 Particle Simulation! 🌊

❤️ Check out Weights & Biases and sign up for a free demo here: https://wandb.com/papers.

📝 The paper “A Fast Unsmoothed Aggregation Algebraic Multigrid Framework for the Large-Scale Simulation of Incompressible Flow” is available here:
http://computationalsciences.org/publications/shao-2022-multigrid.html.

❤️ Watch these videos in early access on our Patreon page or join us here on YouTube:
- https://www.patreon.com/TwoMinutePapers.
- https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCbfYPyITQ-7l4upoX8nvctg/join.

🙏 We would like to thank our generous Patreon supporters who make Two Minute Papers possible:
Aleksandr Mashrabov, Alex Balfanz, Alex Haro, Andrew Melnychuk, Benji Rabhan, Bryan Learn, B Shang, Christian Ahlin, Eric Martel, Geronimo Moralez, Gordon Child, Ivo Galic, Jace O’Brien, Jack Lukic, John Le, Jonas, Jonathan, Kenneth Davis, Klaus Busse, Kyle Davis, Lorin Atzberger, Lukas Biewald, Matthew Allen Fisher, Michael Albrecht, Michael Tedder, Nevin Spoljaric, Nikhil Velpanur, Owen Campbell-Moore, Owen Skarpness, Rajarshi Nigam, Ramsey Elbasheer, Steef, Taras Bobrovytsky, Ted Johnson, Thomas Krcmar, Timothy Sum Hon Mun, Torsten Reil, Tybie Fitzhugh, Ueli Gallizzi.
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Did the Big Bang happen?

To try out our new course (and many others on math and science), go to https://brilliant.org/sabine. You can get started for free, and the first 200 will get 20% off the annual premium subscription.

Physicists have many theories for the beginning of our universe: A big bang, a big bounce, a black hole, a network, a collision of membranes, a gas of strings, and the list goes on. What does this mean? It means we don’t know how the universe began. And the reason isn’t just that we’re lacking data, the reason is that science is reaching its limits when we try to understand the initial condition of the entire universe.

💌 Sign up for my weekly science newsletter. It’s free! ➜ http://sabinehossenfelder.com/
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📖 My new book “Existential Physics” is now on sale ➜ http://existentialphysics.com/
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The Poplawski paper about how the universe might have been born from a black hole is here: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10714-021-02790-7

00:00 Intro.
00:25 The Big Bang Theory.
03:47 Why So Many Other Theories?
04:53 The Problem With Cosmology.
07:30 The Importance of Simplicity.
10:57 Stories of Creation.
15:35 Sponsor Message

New-and-Improved Content Moderation Tooling

To help developers protect their applications against possible misuse, we are introducing the faster and more accurate Moderation endpoint. This endpoint provides OpenAI API developers with free access to GPT-based classifiers that detect undesired content — an instance of using AI systems to assist with human supervision of these systems. We have also released both a technical paper describing our methodology and the dataset used for evaluation.

When given a text input, the Moderation endpoint assesses whether the content is sexual, hateful, violent, or promotes self-harm — content prohibited by our content policy. The endpoint has been trained to be quick, accurate, and to perform robustly across a range of applications. Importantly, this reduces the chances of products “saying” the wrong thing, even when deployed to users at-scale. As a consequence, AI can unlock benefits in sensitive settings, like education, where it could not otherwise be used with confidence.

DeepMind Takes A Step Towards General AI! 🤖

Deepmind takes a step towards general AI!

Two Minute Papers

❤️ Check out Weights & Biases and sign up for a free demo here: https://wandb.com/papers.

📝 The paper “A Generalist Agent (DeepMind Gato)” is available here:
https://www.deepmind.com/publications/a-generalist-agent.

❤️ Watch these videos in early access on our Patreon page or join us here on YouTube:

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OpenAI Plays Hide and Seek…and Breaks The Game! 🤖

❤️ Check out Weights & Biases here and sign up for a free demo: https://www.wandb.com/papers.
❤️ Their blog post is available here: https://www.wandb.com/articles/better-paths-through-idea-space.

📝 The paper “Emergent Tool Use from Multi-Agent Interaction” is available here:
https://openai.com/blog/emergent-tool-use/

❤️ Watch these videos in early access on our Patreon page or join us here on YouTube:
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- https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCbfYPyITQ-7l4upoX8nvctg/join.

🙏 We would like to thank our generous Patreon supporters who make Two Minute Papers possible:
Alex Haro, Andrew Melnychuk, Angelos Evripiotis, Anthony Vdovitchenko, Brian Gilman, Bryan Learn, Christian Ahlin, Claudio Fernandes, Daniel Hasegan, Dennis Abts, Eric Haddad, Eric Martel, Evan Breznyik, Geronimo Moralez, James Watt, Javier Bustamante, John De Witt, Kaiesh Vohra, Kasia Hayden, Kjartan Olason, Levente Szabo, Lorin Atzberger, Lukas Biewald, Marcin Dukaczewski, Marten Rauschenberg, Matthias Jost„ Maurits van Mastrigt, Michael Albrecht, Michael Jensen, Nader Shakerin, Owen Campbell-Moore, Owen Skarpness, Raul Araújo da Silva, Rob Rowe, Robin Graham, Ryan Monsurate, Shawn Azman, Steef, Steve Messina, Sunil Kim, Taras Bobrovytsky, Thomas Krcmar, Torsten Reil.
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“The General Index”: New tool allows you to search 107 million research papers for free

A new database aims to make it easier than ever to access and search through the world’s massive trove of research papers.

Each year, millions of scientific and academic papers get published across thousands of journals. The majority of those papers lie behind paywalls, costing $9 to $30 (or more) to read. Finding them can be difficult: Tools like Google Scholar allow you to search for paper titles and keywords, but more specialized queries are difficult.

The General Index was designed to reduce those obstacles without breaking the law. Developed by the technologist Carl Malamud and his nonprofit foundation Public Resource, the free-to-use index contains words and phrases from more than 107 million research papers, comprising 8.5 terabytes when compressed.

OpenAI Plays Hide and Seek…and Breaks The Game! 🤖

Circa 2019 o,.o.

❤️ Check out Weights & Biases here and sign up for a free demo: https://www.wandb.com/papers
❤️ Their blog post is available here: https://www.wandb.com/articles/better-paths-through-idea-space

📝 The paper “Emergent Tool Use from Multi-Agent Interaction” is available here:
https://openai.com/blog/emergent-tool-use/

❤️ Watch these videos in early access on our Patreon page or join us here on YouTube:
- https://www.patreon.com/TwoMinutePapers
- https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCbfYPyITQ-7l4upoX8nvctg/join

🙏 We would like to thank our generous Patreon supporters who make Two Minute Papers possible:

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The Coming Internet: Secure, Decentralized and Immersive

The blockchain revolution, online gaming and virtual reality are powerful new technologies that promise to change our online experience. After summarizing advances in these hot technologies, we use the collective intelligence of our TechCast Experts to forecast the coming Internet that is likely to emerge from their application.

Here’s what learned:

Security May Arrive About 2027 We found a sharp division of opinion, with roughly half of our experts thinking there is little or no chance that the Internet would become secure — and the other half thinks there is about a 60% probability that blockchain and quantum cryptography will solve the problem at about 2027. After noting the success of Gilder’s previous forecasts, we tend to accept those who agree with Gilder.

Decentralization Likely About 2028–2030 We find some consensus around a 60% Probability and Most Likely Year About 2028–2030. The critical technologies are thought to focus on blockchain, but quantum, AI, biometrics and the Internet of things (IoT) also thought to offer localizing capabilities.

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