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Category: neuroscience – Page 486

๐‘๐ž๐ฌ๐ž๐š๐ซ๐œ๐ก๐ž๐ซ๐ฌ ๐š๐ญ ๐๐š๐ ๐จ๐ฒ๐š ๐”๐ง๐ข๐ฏ๐ž๐ซ๐ฌ๐ข๐ญ๐ฒ ๐ข๐ง ๐‰๐š๐ฉ๐š๐ง ๐ก๐š๐ฏ๐ž ๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ž๐ ๐š ๐ง๐ž๐ฐ ๐๐ž๐ฏ๐ข๐œ๐ž ๐ญ๐จ ๐ข๐๐ž๐ง๐ญ๐ข๐Ÿ๐ฒ ๐š ๐ค๐ž๐ฒ ๐ฆ๐ž๐ฆ๐›๐ซ๐š๐ง๐ž ๐ฉ๐ซ๐จ๐ญ๐ž๐ข๐ง ๐ข๐ง ๐ฎ๐ซ๐ข๐ง๐ž ๐ญ๐ก๐š๐ญ ๐ข๐ง๐๐ข๐œ๐š๐ญ๐ž๐ฌ ๐ฐ๐ก๐ž๐ญ๐ก๐ž๐ซ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐ฉ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐ž๐ง๐ญ ๐ก๐š๐ฌ ๐š ๐›๐ซ๐š๐ข๐ง ๐ญ๐ฎ๐ฆ๐จ๐ซ. ๐“๐ก๐ข๐ฌ ๐ฉ๐ซ๐จ๐ญ๐ž๐ข๐ง ๐œ๐จ๐ฎ๐ฅ๐ ๐›๐ž ๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ž๐ ๐ญ๐จ ๐๐ž๐ญ๐ž๐œ๐ญ ๐›๐ซ๐š๐ข๐ง ๐œ๐š๐ง๐œ๐ž๐ซ, ๐š๐ฏ๐จ๐ข๐๐ข๐ง๐  ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐ง๐ž๐ž๐ ๐Ÿ๐จ๐ซ ๐ข๐ง๐ฏ๐š๐ฌ๐ข๐ฏ๐ž ๐ญ๐ž๐ฌ๐ญ๐ฌ, ๐š๐ง๐ ๐ข๐ง๐œ๐ซ๐ž๐š๐ฌ๐ข๐ง๐  ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐ฅ๐ข๐ค๐ž๐ฅ๐ข๐ก๐จ๐จ๐ ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐ญ๐ฎ๐ฆ๐จ๐ซ๐ฌ ๐›๐ž๐ข๐ง๐  ๐๐ž๐ญ๐ž๐œ๐ญ๐ž๐ ๐ž๐š๐ซ๐ฅ๐ฒ ๐ž๐ง๐จ๐ฎ๐ ๐ก ๐Ÿ๐จ๐ซ ๐ฌ๐ฎ๐ซ๐ ๐ž๐ซ๐ฒ. ๐“๐ก๐ข๐ฌ ๐ซ๐ž๐ฌ๐ž๐š๐ซ๐œ๐ก ๐œ๐จ๐ฎ๐ฅ๐ ๐š๐ฅ๐ฌ๐จ ๐ก๐š๐ฏ๐ž ๐ฉ๐จ๐ญ๐ž๐ง๐ญ๐ข๐š๐ฅ ๐ข๐ฆ๐ฉ๐ฅ๐ข๐œ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐ฌ ๐Ÿ๐จ๐ซ ๐๐ž๐ญ๐ž๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐ง๐  ๐จ๐ญ๐ก๐ž๐ซ ๐ญ๐ฒ๐ฉ๐ž๐ฌ ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐œ๐š๐ง๐œ๐ž๐ซ. ๐“๐ก๐ž ๐ซ๐ž๐ฌ๐ž๐š๐ซ๐œ๐ก ๐ฐ๐š๐ฌ ๐ฉ๐ฎ๐›๐ฅ๐ข๐ฌ๐ก๐ž๐ ๐ข๐ง ๐€๐‚๐’ ๐๐š๐ง๐จ.

Although early detection of many types of cancer has contributed to the recent increases in cancer survival rates, the survival rate for has remained almost unchanged for over 20 years. Partly this is due to their late detection. Physicians often discover only after the onset of neurological symptoms, such as loss of movement or speech, by which time the tumor has reached a considerable size. Detecting the tumor when it is still small, and starting treatment as soon as possible, should help to save lives.

One possible sign that a person has a brain tumor is the presence of tumor-related extracellular vesicles (EVs) in their urine. EVs are nano-sized vesicles involved in a variety of functions, including cell-to-cell communication. Because those found in patients have specific types of RNA and membrane proteins, they could be used to detect the presence of cancer and its progression.

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When it comes to courtship, it is important to ensure that one is interacting with a member of the same species. Animals use multiple sensory systems to confirm that potential mates are indeed suitable, with acoustic communication playing an important role in their decision making.

Although these differences have previously been reported at the behavioral level, it is not known how the neuronal circuitry underlying this decision-making has diverged between species. Now, in a new publication in Scientific Reports, a research group at Nagoya University in Japan has investigated how the auditory processing pathway has evolved and diverged between fruit fly species.

Males of several species of Drosophila (), which are regularly used in neuroscience research, vibrate their wings rhythmically during courtship, producing a courtship . The temporal components of these songs differ between species, allowing female flies to distinguish between potential mates.

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This article is based on accredited medical, science, and media reports. Disclaimer: I am not a scientist. I will share knowledge but will offer no personal opinion on this matter herein.

All listed theories and facts shared within this article are fully-attributed to said outlets, including Wikipedia.org, NeuroscienceNews.com, and TheDailyBrief.com.

The origins and workings of consciousness have remained among scienceโ€™s greatest unanswered mysteries. How did it begin? What sparks it?

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Keep exploring at http://brilliant.org/ArtemKirsanov/
Get started for free, and hurryโ€”the first 200 people get 20% off an annual premium subscription.

My name is Artem, Iโ€™m a computational neuroscience student and researcher. In this video we will see why individual neurons essentially function like deep convolutional neural networks, equipped with insane information processing capabilities as well as some of the physiological mechanisms, that account for such computational complexity.

Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/artemkirsanov.
Twitter: https://twitter.com/ArtemKRSV

OUTLINE:
00:00 Introduction.
01:42 โ€” Perceptrons.
03:43 โ€” Electrical excitability and action potential.
07:12 โ€” Cable theory: passive dendrites.
09:03 โ€” Active dendritic properties.
12:10 โ€” Human neurons as XOR gates.
19:11 โ€” Single neurons as deep neural networks.
22:32 โ€” Brilliant.
23:57 โ€” Recap and outro.

REFERENCES (in no particular order):
1. Bicknell, B. A., Bicknell, B. A. & Hรคusser, M. A synaptic learning rule for exploiting nonlinear dendritic computation. Neuron (2021) doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2021.09.044.
2. Matthew Larkum. Are dendrites conceptually useful? Neuroscience (2022) doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.03.008.
3. Polsky, A., Mel, B. W. & Schiller, J. Computational subunits in thin dendrites of pyramidal cells. Nature Neuroscience 7621โ€“627 (2004).
4. Tran-Van-Minh, A. et al. Contribution of sublinear and supralinear dendritic integration to neuronal computations. Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience 9, 67โ€“67 (2015).
5. Gidon, A. et al. Dendritic action potentials and computation in human layer 2/3 cortical neurons. Science 367, 83โ€“87 (2020).
6. London, M. & Hรคusser, M. DENDRITIC COMPUTATION. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 28503โ€“532 (2005).
7. Branco, T., Clark, B. A. & Hรคusser, M. Dendritic Discrimination of Temporal Input Sequences in Cortical Neurons. Science 329, 1671โ€“1675 (2010).
8. Stuart, G. J. & Spruston, N. Dendritic integration: 60 years of progress. Nat Neurosci 18, 1713โ€“1721 (2015).
9. Smith, S. L., Smith, I. T., Branco, T. & Hรคusser, M. Dendritic spikes enhance stimulus selectivity in cortical neurons in vivo. Nature 503115โ€“120 (2013).
10. Beniaguev, D., Segev, I. & London, M. Single cortical neurons as deep artificial neural networks. Neuron 109, (2021).
11. Michalikova, M., Remme, M. W. H., Schmitz, D., Schreiber, S. & Kempter, R. Spikelets in pyramidal neurons: generating mechanisms, distinguishing properties, and functional implications. Reviews in the Neurosciences 31101โ€“119 (2019).
12. Larkum, M. E., Wu, J., Duverdin, S. A. & Gidon, A. The Guide to Dendritic Spikes of the Mammalian Cortex In Vitro and In Vivo. Neuroscience 489, 15โ€“33 (2022).

CREDITS:

Continue reading โ€œDendrites: Why Biological Neurons Are Deep Neural Networksโ€ | >

Olaf Sporns.
September 15, 2014

Abstract: Recent years have seen a rapid expansion of empirical and theoretical studies in connectomics โ€“ the emerging science of structural and functional brain networks. In this talk I will survey some of the recent advances and a few of the challenges for connectomics research, with an emphasis on human brain connectivity. Of particular interest are studies that employ network science methods for analyzing and modeling connectivity patterns. These studies have shown the existence of highly connected hub regions that play crucial roles in brain communication and the integration of information. Future applications of brain modeling and computation for understanding brain function and dysfunction will also be discussed. Overall, the new field of connectomics offers a unique opportunity for building a theoretical understanding of the function of the human brain.

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A scan of the skull of a 319-million-year-old fossilized fish has led to the discovery of the oldest example of a well-preserved vertebrate brain, shining a new light on the early evolution of bony fish.

The fossil of the skull belonging to the extinct Coccocephalus wildi was found in a coal mine in England more than a century ago, according to researchers of the study published in the journal Nature on Wednesday.

The fossil is the only known specimen of the fish species so scientists from the University of Michigan in the US and the University of Birmingham in the UK used the nondestructive imaging technique of computed tomography (CT) scanning to look inside its skull and examine its internal bodily structure.

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Science Asylum video on Schrodinger Equation:

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https://www.patreon.com/arvinash.

RECOMMENDED READING:
Schwartz, โ€œQuantum Field Theory and the Standard modelโ€ https://amzn.to/3HmWdYt.

CHAPTERS:
0:00 The most important motion in the universe.
1:08 How get energy and mental focus.
2:20 A spring: Classical simple harmonic oscillator.
4:48 QUANTUM Harmonic oscillator.
6:00 Science Asylum โ€” what is the Schrodinger equation?
7:30 Quantum Field Theory (QFT) uses spring math!
10:00 Intuitive description of whatโ€™s going on!
12:37 What is really oscillating in QFT?

SUMMARY:

Continue reading โ€œEverything โ€” Yes, Everything โ€” is a SPRING! (Pretty much)โ€ | >

When we look at a rainbow, we see a full spectrum of light. Every colour we could imagine. Except one โ€“ magenta. Where is it? Well, officially magenta doesnโ€™t exist. There is no wavelength of light for magenta, meaning the human brain literally makes it up, but how? Video by Archie Crofton Narrated by Lotte Rice Commissioned by Paul Ivan Harris Follow BBC Reel on Twitter, Instagram, Facebook and YouTube.

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