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Archive for the ‘neuroscience’ category: Page 348

Jan 27, 2023

Daniel C. Dennett — What is Consciousness?

Posted by in category: neuroscience

Consciousness is what we can know best and explain least. It is the inner subjective experience of what it feels like to see red or smell garlic or hear Beethoven. Consciousness has intrigued and baffled philosophers. To begin, we must define and describe consciousness. What to include in a complete definition and description of consciousness?

Free access to Closer to Truth’s library of 5,000 videos: http://bit.ly/376lkKN

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Jan 27, 2023

Scientists find a drug that treats obesity, fatty liver, heart disease

Posted by in categories: biotech/medical, food, neuroscience

According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, more than 40% of people living in the U.S. are obese; and 43% of American women over the age of 60—long past menopause—are considered obese. A recent Johns Hopkins study showed that a drug first developed to treat Alzheimer’s disease, schizophrenia, and sickle cell disease could treat obesity and fatty liver and improve heart function—without changes in food intake or daily activity.

Jan 27, 2023

Toward Singularity — Neuroscience Inspiring AI

Posted by in categories: education, neuroscience, robotics/AI, singularity

Takes a look at how neuroscience is inspiring the development of artificial intelligence. Our amazing brain, one of the most complicated systems we know about, is inspiring the development of intelligence machines. Machines that may well surpass our own intelligence and could birth a new species on the planet. Opportunity and danger lie beyond the singularity!

For those who purchase the video on Vimeo https://vimeo.com/ondemand/towardsingularity there are extended interviews that give further insight into biologically inspired AI technology.

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Jan 26, 2023

Neuroimaging study offers new insight into brain activity patterns linked to PTSD

Posted by in categories: biotech/medical, neuroscience

A new neuroimaging study showed that people suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) exhibited increased activation in the amygdala region of the brain when shown surprised and neutral facial expressions. The same phenomenon was observed in identical twins of these individuals who did not suffer from PTSD.

The study, which was published in the Journal of Psychiatric Research, sheds new light on the neural mechanisms underlying the development of PTSD.

PTSD is a condition that develops in approximately 20% of individuals exposed to psychological trauma in their lifetime. It is defined by wide clusters of symptoms that include intrusive memories, negative alterations in mood, heightened levels of arousal, and other symptoms. Currently, there are many treatment options available for PTSD; however, for some patients, the treatments offered do not provide clinical relief.

Jan 26, 2023

Cognition after the representation war (part 2) — 4E Cognition

Posted by in categories: computing, neuroscience

Through the issue of mental representation addressed in the previous article, it is possible to get a first idea about the theoretical discontinuity between traditional cognitive science and more recent approaches gathered under the umbrella of so-called 4E Cognition. In fact, in many cases those latter reflect — directly or in a collateral way — the attempt to overcome the problem of representation in human cognition, even thought, as we’re going to say, this doesn’t entail a unite consensus at all.

4E Cognition has not to be seen as a specific and well-defined theoretical system, rather, it is a term referring to all those works (hypothesis, theories, experiments, etc.) which deviate from the traditional representational-computational model of cognition (see part 1), taking a dynamic and enactive approach, namely, conceiving cognition as embodied, embedded, enactive and extended (that’s why 4E). In a nutshell, mental states and cognitive processes would be: embodied when they are partly constituted by bodily processes; embedded when there is an essential causal dependence between such states and processes and the environment; enacted when the actions of the subject can partly constitute these states and processes; and extended when objects or processes in the environment can partly constitute those states and processes [4].

Here you can find a quick conversational introduction to 4E cognition made by professor Shaun Gallagher:

Jan 26, 2023

My Anti-Aging Protocol Broke a World Record… — YouTube

Posted by in categories: biological, life extension, neuroscience

Bryan Johnson releases his rejuvenation protocol:


Blueprint is a public science experiment to determine whether it’s possible to stay the same biological age. This requires slowing down aging processes as much as possible and then reversing the aging that has happened. Currently my speed of aging is .76 (DunedinPACE). That means for every 365 days each year, I age 277 days. My goal is to remain the same age biologically for every 365 days that pass.

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Jan 26, 2023

Twelve-hour rhythms in transcript expression within the human dorsolateral prefrontal cortex are altered in schizophrenia

Posted by in categories: biotech/medical, neuroscience

Twelve-hour (12 h) ultradian rhythms are a well-known phenomenon in coastal marine organisms. While 12 h cycles are observed in human behavior and physiology, no study has measured 12 h rhythms in the human brain. Here, we identify 12 h rhythms in transcripts that either peak at sleep/wake transitions (approximately 9 AM/PM) or static times (approximately 3 PM/AM) in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, a region involved in cognition. Subjects with schizophrenia (SZ) lose 12 h rhythms in genes associated with the unfolded protein response and neuronal structural maintenance. Moreover, genes involved in mitochondrial function and protein translation, which normally peak at sleep/wake transitions, peak instead at static times in SZ, suggesting suboptimal timing of these essential processes.

Jan 26, 2023

How the brain finds meaning in metaphor

Posted by in categories: biotech/medical, neuroscience

You can grasp a hand. You can also grasp a concept. One is literal. One is metaphorical. Our brains know the difference, but would we be able to understand the latter without the former?

Previous studies have suggested that our understanding of metaphors may be rooted in our bodily experience. Some functional MRI, o fMRI, brain imaging studies have indicated, for example, that when you hear a metaphor such as “she had a rough day,” regions of the brain associated with tactile experience are activated. If you hear, “he’s so sweet,” areas associated with taste are activated. And when you hear action verbs used in a metaphorical context, like “grasp a concept,” regions involved in motor perception and planning are activated.

A study by University of Arizona researcher Vicky Lai, published in the journal Brain Research, builds on this research by looking at when, exactly, different regions of the brain are activated in metaphor comprehension and what that tells us about the way we understand .

Jan 26, 2023

‘Mystery’ condition causing ‘terrifying’ hallucinations in one million Britons

Posted by in categories: biotech/medical, health, neuroscience

More than one-third of UK health experts are not aware of Charles Bonnet syndrome — CBS — a condition which can cause vivid, and sometimes frightening, hallucinations.

A poll of 1,100 health experts — including GPs, doctors and optometrists — found 37 per cent were not aware of CBS.

The condition is not caused by mental health problems or dementia. It is purely due to a loss of sight — 60 per cent or more — which reduces or stops the regular messages from the eye to the brain.

Jan 26, 2023

Thomas Yeo: Human brain network organization across different timescales

Posted by in category: neuroscience

The human brain is a complex system exhibiting multi-scale spatiotemporal organization. In this talk, I will provide an overview of my lab’s work on large-scale functional network organization across different timescales. First, I will present a biophysically plausible model of second-level fluctuation in the brain’s functional connectivity patterns. I will then discuss how minute-level task-state changes can predict behavioral traits. This is followed by exploring how brain dynamics can vary over the course of a day. Finally, I will discuss our work on estimating individual-level network markers that are stable across weeks and months.

This video is part of the SNAC seminar series organized by Mac Shine, Joe Lizier, and Ben Fulcher (The University of Sydney).

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