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For Bob Dylan, the feel of a particular genre—be it country, rock, or blues—served to inspire his ideas that were searching for expression beyond boundaries. It was the recklessness and volatility of rock that allowed him to express the grudging anthem of “Like a Rolling Stone,” and it was the country medium that enabled “Lay Lady Lay.” The boundaries of a specific genre would have restricted the reach of Dylan’s songwriting. Arguably, Dylan writes and performs his best work precisely because he is able to transcend the constraints of particular musical styles. Dylan, then, is a prime example of a “Renaissance mind,” but the phenomenon is general: music has genres, but the musicians themselves may be most creative when they explore the full realm of possibilities within their reach.

Similarly, the borders between scientific fields and disciplines are not natural boundaries; really, there are no boundaries. Disciplines, fields, and subfields are just one way of clustering knowledge and methodology on increasingly fine-grained levels, but this clustering is not unique, and there is not even an obvious optimality criterion for the clusters. Many boundaries may simply reflect the way in which a field developed historically. Working within the confines of a field may help us to structure insights and ideas, but—similar to a musician’s fixation on a certain genre—the boundaries can impede our creativity and restrain our advances into certain directions. During our most creative night science moments, when we come up with potential solutions for problems and dream up hypotheses, when we need to make new and unexpected connections, we are better off if our mind is free to transcend the fields and disciplines. After all, if there were no boxes, we would not have to think outside of them. This kind of thinking may also be called horizontal [7] or lateral thinking [8].

To transgress the boundaries of a field, it is highly useful to have an understanding of multiple disciplines, either as a person or as a team, as this provides more opportunities to make connections. In the modern practice of science, the interdisciplinary aspect is often interpreted as a collaboration between scientists that work side by side in different disciplines. But true interdisciplinarity—even in a collaborative framework—requires us to think across fields. At some point, someone on the team will need to have that idea, and that someone will likely be the one with access to multiple fields. Thus, while the framework of science is disciplinary, a scientist’s creativity benefits from interdisciplinarity. This may explain why so many eminent biologists were originally educated in a different field: just think of Max Delbrück, Mary-Claire King, or Francis Crick. But there is also an important role for large and diverse teams: if more varied ways of thinking, more diverse ideas come together at the water fountain, they provide a fertile ground for making connections across borders—the modern workplace replacement of the traditional café, where creative people have traditionally met to exchange ideas [9].

An exploration of the unsettling possibility we live in a universe of ancient galactic wars, ruins, relics, and leftover war machines scattered across the cosmos.

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Credits:
Ghost Armadas \& Primordial Galactic Wars.
Episode 471; October 31, 2024
Produced, Narrated \& Written: Isaac Arthur.
Editors: Lukas Konecny.
Graphics:
Darth Biomech.
Jeremy Jozwik.
Legiontech Studios.
Mihail Yordanov.
Udo Schroeter.
Select imagery/video supplied by Getty Images.
Music Courtesy of Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator

This clip is from the following episode: https://youtu.be/xqS5PDYbTsE

Recorded on Oct 18th, 2024
Views are my own thoughts; not Financial, Medical, or Legal Advice.

In this episode, Ray and Peter discuss 2025 predictions, Job loss in the coming years, and Ray’s thoughts on nanotech taking over the world.

Ray Kurzweil is a world-class inventor, thinker, and futurist, with a thirty-five-year track record of accurate predictions. He has been a leading developer in artificial intelligence for 61 years – longer than any other living person. He was the principal inventor of the first CCD flat-bed scanner, omni-font optical character recognition, print-to-speech reading machine for the blind, text-to-speech synthesizer, music synthesizer capable of recreating the grand piano and other orchestral instruments, and commercially marketed large-vocabulary speech recognition software. Ray received a Grammy Award for outstanding achievement in music technology; he is the recipient of the National Medal of Technology, was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame, and holds twenty-one honorary Doctorates. He has written five best-selling books including The Singularity Is Near and How To Create A Mind, both New York Times bestsellers, and Danielle: Chronicles of a Superheroine, winner of multiple young adult fiction awards. His new book, The Singularity Is Nearer was released on June 25th and debuted at #4 on the New York Times Best Seller list. He is a Principal Researcher and AI Visionary at Google.

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Haven’t heard from Bill Andrews in awhile.


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Here we talk with Dr Bill Andrews all about telomeres, why they are on the critical path of aging and finding a way to lengthen them is required in an complete longevity solution.
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00:00 Why telomeres.
07:10 Telomeres and aging.
14:36 Telomerase in stem cells.
20:15 BiOptimizers.
21:44 Telomere shortening.
23:25 Measuring telomere length.
25:30 Biological age.
30:30 Slowing telomere shortening.
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41:30 Sierra Science Chemicals \& Gene therapy.
49:30 How is telomerase repressed.
56:10 Liz Parrish \& Gene therapy.
1:01:40 Gene therapy delivery.
1:09:20 Telomerase \& cancer.
1:17:00 Why aging.
1:20:30 Telomeres \& senescence.
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A robot played cello in a curated concert for the Malmö Symphony Orchestra in southern Sweden.


Robotics is driving innovations across various sectors nowadays. This time, a new robot has entered the music arena to transform it. In a recent video, the robot was spotted playing the cello.

The industrial robotic arms with 3D-printed parts performed with the members of the orchestra in Sweden.

Developed by researcher and composer Fredrik Gran, the robot didn’t rely on AI tools to play cello. Instead, it was programmed using composer Jacob Muhlrad’s musical score, which was specially written for the robot.

Soon humanity may reach out to the galaxy and spread ourselves to every world in it, but in the billions and billions of years to come on those billions and billions of worlds, humanity shall surely diverge down many roads and posthuman pathways.

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Credits:
Posthuman Pathways.
Episode 470; October 24, 2024
Editor: Tim Lusko.
Produced, Narrated \& Written: Isaac Arthur.
Graphics:
Jeremy Jozwik.
Ken York YD Visual.
Udo Schroeter.
Select imagery/video supplied by Getty Images.
Music Courtesy of Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator

When we listen to a song or musical performance, out-of-tune singers or instruments are generally perceived as unpleasant for listeners. While it is well-established that mistuning can reduce the enjoyment of music, the processes influencing how humans perceive mistuning have not yet been fully delineated.

Researchers at the University of Minnesota recently carried out a study aimed at better understanding factors influencing the extent to which individuals can perceive mistuning in natural music. Their findings, published in Communications Psychology, highlight acoustic elements that influence the perception of dissonance when hearing out-of-tune singing voices or instruments.

“An out-of-tune singer or instrument can ruin the enjoyment of music,” Sara M. K. Madsen and Andrew J. Oxenham wrote in their paper. “However, there is disagreement on how we perceive mistuning in natural music settings. To address this question, we presented listeners with in-tune and out-of-tune passages of two-part music and manipulated the two primary candidate acoustic cues: beats (fluctuations caused by interactions between nearby frequency components) and inharmonicity (non-integer harmonic frequency relationships) across seven experiments.”