Lifeboat Foundation: Safeguarding Humanity
Toggle light / dark theme

Blog

Category: health – Page 156

“This shows that we must factor the gut microbiome into our understanding of how nanomaterials affect the immune system,” said the paper’s corresponding author Bengt Fadeel, professor at the Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet. “Our results are important for identifying the potential adverse effects of nanomaterial and mitigating or preventing such effects in new materials.”

ALSO READ: Researchers reveal tomatoes’ health benefits to gut microbes

Graphene is an extremely thin material, a million times thinner than a human hair. It comprises a single layer of carbon atoms and is stronger than steel yet flexible, transparent, and electrically conductive. This makes it extremely useful in a multitude of applications, including in “smart” textiles equipped with wearable electronics and as a component of composite materials, to enhance the strength and conductivity of existing materials.

Read more | >

You may have heard the phrase, “You are what you eat.” It’s no surprise that what you put into your body directly impacts how you feel and other aspects of your health, including cognitive function.

In fact, diets that contain certain amounts of minerals like sodium and potassium could have an effect on brain function, especially in older adults, according to a recent study published in Global Transitions.

Researchers from China found diets higher in sodium were associated with a higher risk of cognitive decline and poor and deteriorated memory. On the other hand, participants in the study who had more potassium intake in their diet were associated with higher cognitive function.

Read more | >

Over the last two decades, scientists have postulated several theories that has helped to explain how we acquire motor skills, and the decisions we make in order to execute motor skills to navigate our environment. Additionally, the advent of neuroimaging techniques, such as electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have contributed significantly to our understanding of movement by providing possible neural correlates and processes that underpin various types of motor function. However, techniques such as EEG and fMRI are highly susceptible to motion artifacts during recording, which limits the range of movements that can be performed during scanning. This limitation impacts on the translational value of such findings in real-world applications.

To overcome the limitations of traditional neuroimaging paradigms, second generation neuroimaging devices such as portable EEG and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), and non-invasive brain stimulation techniques such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can be used to study a broader range of dynamic movements and central changes associated with physical exercise. Both EEG and fNIRS can be applied concurrently with a motor task or exercise to understand its associated central response, while the application of non-invasive brain stimulation can help to establish causality by experimentally-induced facilitation or inhibition of specific neural networks.

In this research topic, we aim to showcase recent advances in the use of neuroimaging and non-invasive brain stimulation techniques to understand motor control processes and central adaptations to exercise across the lifespan and disease conditions. Submissions that are Original Research, Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis, Literature review, Mini-review, Methods, and Perspective articles will be considered. Topics that cover, but not limited to, the following to domains are encouraged:

Read more | >

Rewriting Biology with Artificial Intelligence.

Ray Kurzweil.

Ray Kurzweil is one of the world’s leading inventors, thinkers, and futurists, with a thirty-year track record of accurate predictions. Called “the restless genius” by The Wall Street Journal and “the ultimate thinking machine” by Forbesmagazine, he was selected as one of the top entrepreneurs by Inc. magazine, which described him as the “rightful heir to Thomas Edison.” PBS selected him as one of the “sixteen revolutionaries who made America.” Ray was the principal inventor of the first CCD flat-bed scanner, the first omni-font optical character recognition, the first print-to-speech reading machine for the blind, the first text-to-speech synthesizer, the first music synthesizer capable of recreating the grand piano and other orchestral instruments, and the first commercially marketed large-vocabulary speech recognition software. Ray received a Grammy Award for outstanding achievements in music technology; he is the recipient of the National Medal of Technology, was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame, holds twenty-one honorary Doctorates, and honors from three U.S. presidents. Ray has written five national best-selling books, including New York Times best sellers The Singularity Is Near (2005) and How To Create A Mind (2012). He is Co-Founder of Singularity Group and a Principal Researcher and AI Visionary at Google, looking at the long-term implications of technology and society.

The Computational Health Informatics Program (CHIP)

CHIP, founded in 1994, is a multidisciplinary applied research and education program at Boston Children’s Hospital. For more information, please visit our website www.chip.org.

The CHIP Landmark Ideas Series.

Continue reading “CHIP Landmark Ideas: Ray Kurzweil” | >

In a study examining the link between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and brain dysfunction, scientists at the Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, affiliated to King’s College London and the University of Lausanne, found an accumulation of fat in the liver causes a decrease in oxygen to the brain and inflammation to brain tissue—both of which have been proven to lead to the onset of severe brain diseases.

The paper appears in the Journal of Hepatology.

NAFLD affects approximately 25% of the population and more than 80% of morbidly obese people. Several studies have reported the negative effects of an unhealthy diet and obesity can have on however this is believed to be the first study that clearly links NAFLD with deterioration and identifies a potential therapeutic target.

Read more | >

Electronic wearable patches have been devised to monitor various health conditions by noninvasively detecting biomolecules on the skin surface.

A new Nature Communications study discusses the development of novel skin patches capable of deep detection of biomolecules, which correlate better and more rapidly with physiological states. For example, the photoacoustic patch described by the researchers, who are engineers at the University of California San Diego, can produce a three-dimensional (3D) map of deep tissue hemoglobin.

Read more | >

Have you ever heard of the yeast Candida auris? If not, you are most likely not the only one since it hasn’t garnered much attention. Yet. That could change.

Candida auris’s story begins in 2009 when a Japanese woman in her 70s is admitted to the Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital. Her ear sometimes discharges something, and the doctors routinely use a cotton swab to collect samples of it. To determine what is causing the infection, they analyze the sample.

It turns out that a yeast, different from other known yeasts, is at play. We’ve all heard of baker’s yeast, a friendly microorganism used to make beer and bread. Candida auris and other Candida yeast species are extremely different; they cause serious and persistent infections that are difficult to treat with known antibiotics.

Read more | >

Researchers discovered a new daily rhythm in a kind of synapse that dampens brain activity using a mouse model. These neural connections, known as inhibitory synapses, are rebalanced as we sleep to allow us to consolidate new information into lasting memories. The results, which were published in the journal PLOS Biology, may help explain how subtle synaptic changes improve memory in humans. Researchers from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), which is part of the National Institutes of Health, led the study.

“Inhibition is important for every aspect of brain function. But for over two decades, most sleep studies have focused on understanding excitatory synapses,” said Dr. Wei Lu, senior investigator at NINDS. “This is a timely study to try to understand how sleep and wakefulness regulate the plasticity of inhibitory synapses.”

Kunwei Wu, Ph.D., a postdoctoral fellow in Dr. Lu’s lab, investigated what occurs at inhibitory synapses in mice during sleep and wakefulness. Electrical recordings from neurons in the hippocampus, a brain region involved in memory formation, revealed a previously unknown pattern of activity. During wakefulness, steady “tonic” inhibitory activity increased but fast “phasic” inhibition decreased. They also discovered a far larger activity-dependent enhancement of inhibitory electrical responses in awake mouse neurons, suggesting that wakefulness, rather than sleep, might strengthen these synapses to a greater extent.

Read more | >