When the researchers bathed this engineered silk in sunlight, they found that it stayed 3.5°C cooler than the surrounding air because of its ability to reflect most sunlight and radiate heat. It is the first fabric to be developed that stays colder than the surrounding air when in sunlight.
The researchers also found that when they draped the engineered silk over a surface designed to simulate skin, it kept the skin 8°C cooler under direct sunlight than natural silk did – and it kept the skin 12.5°C cooler than cotton did. The simulated skin was made of silicone rubber that was wrapped around a heater to mimic body warmth.
In the final part of their experiments, they made a collared long-sleeved shirt from the engineered silk and asked a volunteer to wear it while standing out in the sun on a 37°C day. Infrared images revealed that the shirt stayed cool. Similar infrared images captured of the volunteer wearing shirts made of natural silk or cotton showed that these fabrics warmed up. “Wearing the engineered silk on a hot day under sunlight, one feels much cooler than wearing normal textiles such as cotton,” says Zhu.
Signup for your FREE trial to Wondrium here: http://ow.ly/NwIS30rNQ5m — Be sure to check out Sean Carroll’s series called, “Mysteries of modern physics: Time” — I highly recommend it!
A good definition of information in physics: “information contained in a physical system = the number of yes/no questions you need to get answered to fully specify the system.”
Chapters: 0:00 — Why is time one way but physical laws are not? 2:19 — What is Entropy? Disorder and information. 5:29 — Does entropy cause time? 7:12 — What is time? Recorded past vs future possibilities. 8:07 — Lee Smolin’s theory of time. 10:31 — Will time always flow forward? heat death & big freeze. 12:33 — Best online course on time.
Summary: In quantum mechanics, it’s just as natural to go forward in time as going backwards. And if you look at a typical Feynman diagram, you can turn the diagram either way. Where does this transition from time symmetry at the quantum level, to time asymmetry at the macro level occur?
To understand its irreversibility, we have to look for other irreversible processes in nature to see if there is any correlation — such as in thermodynamics, Entropy.
If you traveled 10,000 years into the future, what would planet Earth look like? Would most of its surface be covered in volcanoes? Or would it be frozen in ice? What if you traveled even further, to one million years in the future? Would all of the oceans have evaporated? Or would it have become one giant water world? Now, what about one billion years? Would there be any humans left? Or would they have settled in other parts of the galaxy?