The University of Seville’s SMART tokamak has achieved a critical milestone by creating its first tokamak plasma.
Plasma is one of the four fundamental states of matter, along with solid, liquid, and gas. It is an ionized gas consisting of positive ions and free electrons. It was first described by chemist Irving Langmuir in the 1920s.
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A study published in Proceedings of the Royal Society B, found that while the baboons noticed and responded to a laser mark shining on their arms, legs and hands, they did not react when they saw, via their mirror reflection, the laser on their faces and ears.
It was the first time a controlled laser mark test has been done on these animals in a wild setting and strengthens the evidence from other studies that monkeys don’t recognize their own reflection.
The researchers observed 120 Chacma baboons in Tsaobis Nature Park, Namibia, between May and October 2021 to better understand self-awareness among wild non-hominid primates, who have previously been tested almost exclusively in captivity.
Well, I find this a bit disappointing. I was hoping that the contest between global workspace theory (GWT) and integrated information theory (IIT) would be announced sometime this year. Apparently, I’m going to have to wait awhile:
Pitts describes the intention of this competition as “to kill one or both theories,” but adds that while he is unsure that either will be definitively disproved, both theories have a good chance of being critically challenged. It’s expected to take three years for the experiments to be conducted and the data to be analyzed before a verdict is reached.
Three years. And of course there remains no guarantee the results will be decisive. Sigh.
What if the future of tunnels wasn’t about digging? The Fehmarnbelt Tunnel, the world’s largest immersed tunnel, is being built without a single tunnel boring machine. Instead, engineers are using a bold, unconventional method that’s faster, more precise, and environmentally conscious. Stretching 18 kilometers beneath the Baltic Sea, this $7 billion project is set to transform travel and trade in Europe.
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A re-examination of the 2015 Bonin Islands earthquake disproved earlier claims of a record-breaking deep aftershock in the lower mantle, identifying instead 14 aftershocks linked to a metastable olivine wedge in the upper mantle. This finding advances understanding of deep earthquake mechanisms and Earth’s interior dynamics.
A study published in The Seismic Record challenges previous reports about the May 2015 magnitude 7.9 Bonin Islands earthquake sequence. The main earthquake, which ruptured deep near the base of the upper mantle, was not followed by an aftershock extending into the lower mantle to record-breaking depths, as earlier claims suggested.
Hao Zhang of the University of Southern California and colleagues re-analyzed the aftershock sequence and found no evidence of a 751-kilometer-deep aftershock, previously described as the deepest earthquake ever recorded.
Polarization is a key parameter in light–matter interactions and is consequently closely linked to light manipulation, detection, and analysis. Terahertz (THz) waves, characterized by their broad bandwidth and long wavelength, pose significant challenges to efficient polarization control with existing technologies. Here, we leverage the mesoscale wavelength characteristics of THz waves and employ a mirror-coupled total internal reflection structure to mechanically modulate the phase difference between p-and s-waves by up to 289°. By incorporating a liquid crystal phase shifter to provide adaptive phase compensation, dispersion is eliminated across a broad bandwidth. We demonstrate active switching of orthogonal linear polarizations and handedness-selective quarter-wave conversions in the 1.6–3.4 THz range, achieving an average degree of linear/circular polarization exceeding 0.996. Furthermore, arbitrary polarization at any center frequency is achieved with a fractional bandwidth exceeding 90%. This customizable-bandwidth and multifunctional device offers an accurate and universal polarization control solution for various THz systems, paving the way for numerous polarization-sensitive applications.
Programmable photonic latch memory https://opg.optica.org/oe/fulltext.cfm?uri=oe-33-2-3501&id=567359
Researchers have unveiled a programmable photonic latch that speeds up data storage and processing in optical systems, offering a significant advancement over traditional electronic memory by reducing latency and energy use.
Fast, versatile volatile photonic memory could enhance AI, sensing, and other computationally intense applications.
Programmable Photonic Latch Technology
Researchers have created a new type of optical memory called a programmable photonic latch, which is both fast and scalable. This memory unit provides a high-speed solution for temporary data storage in optical processing systems, utilizing silicon photonics to enhance performance.
