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People have long noticed that the waters around Cabo Frio are unusually cool.

When European explorers first surveyed the coastline of what is now the state of Rio de Janeiro in the early 1500s, they encountered white sands, turquoise waters, shallow lagoons, and lush green mountains rising from the sea. The waters in one area, however, were unusually cool—so much so that the promontory in southeastern Brazil shown above was named Cabo Frio, Portuguese for “Cape Cold.”

Landsat 9’s OLI-2 (Operational Land Imager-2) captured this image of Cabo Frio’s diverse coastline on September 16, 2023. The map (below) shows that surface waters that day were cooler off of Cabo Frio than in the surrounding waters. The pattern is common: Upwelling of cold water from deeper in the ocean to the surface often chills Cabo Frio’s surface waters by several degrees.

Attractive people had higher-rated communication skills than unattractive people.

“Physical attractiveness raises social and communication skills, which in return raise an employer’s estimate of the worker’s productivity,” researchers Mobius and Rosenblat write. “We assume that the employer is unaware of these biases and hence does not correct for them.”

This has a major impact over the course of a career. Research shows that raising kids’ social skills is a better predictor of lifetime earnings than raising their intellectual ability.

Hollins is a veterinarian who has cared for the elderly tortoise and three other land tortoises on St. Helena Island since 2009.

Last year, St. Helena’s governor, Nigel Phillips, gave Jonathan an unofficial hatch date of Dec. 4, 1832, but Hollins still celebrates on New Year’s Day.

“It’s not his birthday, but celebrating his year of age, whatever that may be,” Hollins said.