The Sun’s mysterious outer atmosphere, the corona, will become easier to view from Earth on 8 April.
Total solar eclipse 2024: how it will help scientists to study the Sun.
Category: futurism – Page 247
Training LLMs over Neurally Compressed Text
Google announces Training LLMs over Neurally Compressed Text.
https://huggingface.co/papers/2404.
In this paper, we explore the idea of training large language models (#LLMs) over highly compressed text.
Join the discussion on this paper page.
New HTTP/2 DoS attack can crash web servers with a single connection
Newly discovered HTTP/2 protocol vulnerabilities called “CONTINUATION Flood” can lead to denial of service (DoS) attacks, crashing web servers with a single TCP connection in some implementations.
HTTP/2 is an update to the HTTP protocol standardized in 2015, designed to improve web performance by introducing binary framing for efficient data transmission, multiplexing to allow multiple requests and responses over a single connection, and header compression to reduce overhead.
The new CONTINUATION Flood vulnerabilities were discovered by researcher Barket Nowotarski, who says that it relates to the use of HTTP/2 CONTINUATION frames, which are not properly limited or checked in many implementations of the protocol.
Shielding Quantum Light in Space and Time
A way to create single photons whose spatiotemporal shapes do not expand during propagation could limit information loss in future photonic quantum technologies.
When enjoying the sight of a rainbow, information loss might not be the first thing that comes to mind. Yet dispersion, the underlying process that makes different colors travel at different speeds, also hampers scientists’ control of light propagation—a crucial capability for future photonic quantum technologies. As they move, short laser pulses tend to lengthen through dispersion and widen and dim through diffraction. Together, these effects limit our ability to make light reach a target, although mitigation strategies have been developed for classical pulses and, recently, for quantum light. Now Jianmin Wang at the Southern University of Science and Technology in China and colleagues have realized a quantum source of single photons that are impervious to spreading out during propagation, potentially safeguarding against the loss of information encoded in the photons spatiotemporal shapes [1].
In 2007, physicists demonstrated light beams, known as Airy beams, whose spatial profiles make them resilient to spreading out [2, 3]. These profiles consist of a pattern of bright and dark lobes surrounding a central bright component, with each feature propagating along a parabolic trajectory. Recently, scientists created quantum Airy beams, which are technically challenging to realize [4, 5]. The goal of Wang and colleagues’ work was to extend this principle to the temporal domain, producing quantum Airy single photons that do not spread out in both space and time. Such quantum “light bullets” could offer exciting possibilities for quantum technologies, much like their classical counterparts did for applications in areas from plasma physics to optical trapping [3, 6].
Pacific rock samples offer glimpse of active Earth 2.5 billion years ago
In Earth science, small details can help explain massive events. Rita Parai, an assistant professor of Earth, environmental and planetary sciences in Arts & Sciences at Washington University in St. Louis, uses precision equipment to measure trace levels of noble gases in rocks, samples that can provide key insights into planetary evolution.
Advancements in Deep Ultraviolet Laser Technology
Researchers developed a 60-milliwatt solid-state DUV laser at 193 nm using LBO crystals, setting new benchmarks in efficiency values.
In the realm of science and technology, harnessing coherent light sources in the deep ultraviolet (DUV) region holds immense significance across various applications such as lithography, defect inspection, metrology, and spectroscopy. Traditionally, high-power 193-nanometer (nm) lasers have been pivotal in lithography, forming an integral part of systems used for precise patterning. However, the coherence limitations associated with conventional ArF excimer lasers hinder their effectiveness in applications requiring high-resolution patterns, like interference lithography.
Hybrid ArF Excimer Laser Technology