A stunning Hubble image showcases a spiral galaxy seemingly intertwined with a nearby star—but looks can be deceiving!
This new Hubble Space Telescope.
The Hubble Space Telescope (often referred to as Hubble or HST) is one of NASA’s Great Observatories and was launched into low Earth orbit in 1990. It is one of the largest and most versatile space telescopes in use and features a 2.4-meter mirror and four main instruments that observe in the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. It was named after astronomer Edwin Hubble.
A mysterious phenomenon at the center of our galaxy could be the result of a different type of dark matter.
Dark matter, the mysterious form of unobserved matter which could make up 85% of the mass of the known universe, is one of science’s biggest manhunts.
In this first of its kind study, scientists have taken a step closer to understanding the elusive mystery matter. They believe a reimagined candidate for dark matter could be behind unexplained chemical reactions taking place in the Milky Way.
Renowned astrophysicist and educator Alex Filippenko joins Brian Greene to discuss an increasingly disturbing cosmological mismatch known as the Hubble Tension, a gap that may require a radical rewriting of the history of the universe.
This program is part of the Big Ideas series, supported by the John Templeton Foundation.
Participant: Alex Filippenko. Moderator: Brian Greene.
0:00:00 — Introduction. 0:00:50 — Welcome to Alex Filippenko. 0:03:58 — The Most Important Lesson of Science. 0:06:47 — The Hubble Tension. 0:12:04 — Measuring the Expansion Rate of the Universe. 0:23:31 — How far out can we measure? 0:27:10 — Galaxies with Type 1A Supernovae and Cepheids. 0:32:57 — Cosmic Distance Ladder Summary. 0:37:30 — The Universe’s Expansion Rate Today. 0:47:20 — How can we be certain the measurements are correct? 0:51:00 — CMB and using Theoretical Models to Extrapolate the Expansion Rate. 1:00:57 — Positive outcomes to this tension. 1:02:14 — Filippenko’s thoughts on the position of Wendy Freedman’s recent paper. 1:14:09 — Will the Cepheid data set remain at 42? 1:16:55 — Filippenko’s thoughts on the Hubble tension. 1:22:40 — How Cosmology became a precision science. 1:25:11 — Is Inflation a Falsifiable Theory? 1:29:30 — Filippenko’s view of Inflation and the Multiverse. 1:31:08 — Filippenko’s view of Cyclic Inflation and Steinhardt and Penrose’s theories. 1:35:15 — Falsifiable Aspects of Inflation. 1:41:54 — Discovering the Accelerated Expansion of the Universe. 1:47:54 — Filippenko’s thoughts on Saul Perlmutter’s team’s analysis methods. 1:50:47 — Filippenko’s reaction to the initial discovery. 1:59:04 — Thoughts on Dark Energy and the Great Rip. 2:01:58 — Conclusion. 2:03:16 — Credits.
Is our universe still evolving? Could it be a Baby Universe, part of an endless cycle of cosmic creation and destruction? In this episode, we explore the Hourglass Universe Theory, the possibility of an Anti-Universe, and whether cosmic balance was disrupted by a universal force.
📺 Watch the full video here: 👉 • From Creation to Duality: The Mystery… ](• From Creation to Duality: The Mystery…
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Seminar entitled “A minimal SM/LCDM cosmology”, given by Neil Turok (University of Edinburgh and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics), November 21st, 2024, during the VI Amazonian Symposium on Physics (https://www.ppgf.eventos.ufpa.br/VIASP).
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QHT Paper: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2008.09356.pdf. Non-technical Explanation: https://jespergrimstrup.org/research/.… 0:00 — Does reductionism end? 2:24 — Why there probably is a final theory 7:00 — Quantum Holonomy theory 12:53 — Surprising implications of QHT Does a final theory exist that can end our reductionist probing into ever shorter distances? Or is there no end to reductionism? There should be an end point because as the object of our measurement gets small enough, the high energies needed to measure it will create a black hole. And no information can get out of a black hole. So there is a limit to measurable reality. We have united seemingly dissimilar forces in the past. For example, the unification of electricity and magnetism, and weak and electromagnetic forces. To continue this reductionism, we want a theory that unifies all known forces. Today we have two overarching theories for forces: Einstein’s Theory of General relativity for gravity, and The standard model for the electromagnetic, weak and strong force. The problem is that the standard model is a quantum field theory, but general relativity is a classical field theory. The two are not compatible. Past attempts for a theory of everything include string theory and loop quantum gravity. But string theory does not produce any falsifiable results. Its mathematics is too flexible. Loop quantum gravity only addresses gravity and not the other forces. Quantum Holonomy Theory or QHT was pioneered by two Danish scientists, physicist Jesper Grimstrup and mathematician Johannes Aastrup. It begins by asking question, how can a theory be immune to further scientific reductions, so that reductionism ends? The presumptive idea is that the simplest way to describe the universe is objects moving around in three dimensional space. The theory is based on the mathematics of empty 3-dimensional space, just space, not even time. So the starting point of QHT is the mathematics of moving stuff around. There are an infinite many ways you can move an arbitrary object between points in space. Any one of these combination of movements from point A to point B, is called a recipe. A recipe for a combination of movements in physics is called a gauge field. A gauge field is the recipe of how to move one particle from point A to point B. Gauge fields are what makes up the forces in the standard model. Since they are recipes of moving things around in space, they represent how things interact with each other, or how forces work. The sum of all mathematical recipes is called the “Configuration space” of these recipes. The key insight in QHT is that the this space has a geometry and stores a lot of information. Geometry means that two different recipes for moving stuff around can be said have a relationship between each other. This is complicated but can be proven mathematically. Grimstrup and Aastrup found is that this geometry results in mathematics that looks almost identical to the mathematics that we already know from quantum field theory – this includes the mathematics of the Standard model. From the geometry you can obtain a a Bott-Dirac operator. The square of this operator gives us the Hamiltonian for both matter particles and force carrying particles. The Hamiltonian represents the formula for all the energy in a system. #QHT #Theoryofeverything Once you have a description of the energies of all the matter and forces in the universe, that’s all you need to need to understand how matter interacts in the universe, and is essentially everything we would need to describe the universe, once all the math is worked out. By simply considering the movements of objects in empty space, all this rich mathematics that appears to resemble the known mathematics of the universe comes out. If QHT is correct, then here are the implications: 1) The universe is quantum because the only way you can describe things moving in empty space is via quantization. 2) Gravity is not quantized, so there is no theory of quantum gravity. 3) No singularities can exist 4) There is no infinite curvature of space-time inside black holes 5) The universe could not have come from nothing, but from a prior universe — a Big Bounce! Become a patron: https://www.patreon.com/bePatron?u=17… 0:00 — Does reductionism end? 2:24 — Why there probably is a final theory. 7:00 — Quantum Holonomy theory. 12:53 — Surprising implications of QHT Does a final theory exist that can end our reductionist probing into ever shorter distances? Or is there no end to reductionism? There should be an end point because as the object of our measurement gets small enough, the high energies needed to measure it will create a black hole. And no information can get out of a black hole. So there is a limit to measurable reality.
We have united seemingly dissimilar forces in the past. For example, the unification of electricity and magnetism, and weak and electromagnetic forces. To continue this reductionism, we want a theory that unifies all known forces. Today we have two overarching theories for forces: Einstein’s Theory of General relativity for gravity, and The standard model for the electromagnetic, weak and strong force.
The problem is that the standard model is a quantum field theory, but general relativity is a classical field theory. The two are not compatible. Past attempts for a theory of everything include string theory and loop quantum gravity. But string theory does not produce any falsifiable results. Its mathematics is too flexible. Loop quantum gravity only addresses gravity and not the other forces.
Quantum Holonomy Theory or QHT was pioneered by two Danish scientists, physicist Jesper Grimstrup and mathematician Johannes Aastrup. It begins by asking question, how can a theory be immune to further scientific reductions, so that reductionism ends?
Einstein’s theory of general relativity suggests that the “memory” of ancient events, such as black hole mergers, may be etched into the fabric of space-time by gravitational waves. New research shows how this theory of gravitational memory could finally be proven.
Back in 1971, a couple of British astronomers predicted the existence of a black hole at the center of our galaxy. And in 1974, other astronomers found it, naming it Sagittarius A*.
Since then, astronomers have discovered that a similar “supermassive black hole” sits at the center of almost every other large galaxy. In 2019, they took the first image of a supermassive black hole. Today, these exotic objects are a fundamental part of our understanding of how galaxies form and evolve.
But what of smaller astronomical bodies, like the Large Magellanic Cloud, a dwarf satellite galaxy that is expected to collide with the Milky Way in 2.4 billion years? Nobody is quite sure whether clouds like this might also house supermassive black holes.
Astronomers have discovered strong evidence for the closest supermassive black hole outside of the Milky Way galaxy. This giant black hole is located in the Large Magellanic Cloud, one of the nearest galactic neighbors to our own.
To make this discovery, researchers traced the paths with ultra-fine precision of 21 stars on the outskirts of the Milky Way. These stars are traveling so fast that they will escape the gravitational clutches of the Milky Way or any nearby galaxy. Astronomers refer to these as “hypervelocity” stars.
Similar to how forensic experts recreate the origin of a bullet based on its trajectory, researchers determined where these hypervelocity stars come from. They found that about half are linked to the supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way. However, the other half originated from somewhere else: a previously-unknown giant black hole in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC).
A supermassive black hole that doesn’t appear to be where we would expect seems to be travelling at more than a thousand kilometres per second – the result of a giant cosmic collision.
